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40results about How to "Reduce routing overhead" patented technology
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Method and system for fusion of multi-source monitoring data based on heterogeneous clustering wireless sensor network
ActiveCN101902772AFacilitate communicationEasy to deployNetwork topologiesMobile wireless sensor networkBroadcast packet
Owner:BEIJING LOIT TECH
Satellite network based on distributed-type SDN and construction method thereof
ActiveCN107294592ARealize Converged DeploymentReduce the burden onRadio transmissionData switching networksTotal delaySurvivability
Owner:DALIAN UNIVERSITY
Method for establishing radio sensor network rout ebased on route neighbour list
ActiveCN101005422AReduce routing overheadImprove reliabilityData switching by path configurationTelecommunicationsWireless sensor networking
The method comprises: a) after receiving the routing maintenances packet, the node maintains and updates its own routing neighbor list, and selects the neighbor nodes whose gradient value are less than its own gradient value and which have link symmetry from the updated routing neighbor list; the node compares the out-going degrees of the selected neighbor nodes, and takes the neighbor node with maximal out-going degree as the optimal next jump node; c) the node establishes the route between itself and the optimal next jump node.
Owner:INST OF COMPUTING TECH CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
Centralized routing algorithm in wireless Mesh network
InactiveCN104320334AImprove reliabilityReduce routing overheadData switching networksRouting algorithmWireless sensor network
The invention discloses a centralized routing algorithm in a wireless Mesh network. The centralized routing algorithm comprises the four stages of initial root route setting-up, link state information uploading, path selecting and grouping forwarding, and route self-healing. A mode of calculating routes in a centralized mode through a root node is adopted for finishing finding paths, nodes upload the link state information to the root node, the root node masters whole-network topology, and a route between a source node and a target node which are to communicate is calculated; after the initial link state is uploaded, all the nodes upload the link state information only when the link state changes and exceeds a certain threshold value or the neighbor nodes change, and the link state information is prevented from being uploaded frequently; after the root node calculates to obtain the optimal path, a backup path which does not intersect with the optimal path can be obtained only by deleting the nodes on the path in the original network topology and recalculating the optimal path. According to the centralized routing algorithm, flooding in the path finding process is avoided, the routing overhead is small, and reliability is high.
Owner:UNIV OF ELECTRONIC SCI & TECH OF CHINA
Small Geographical Area Cell-based Dynamic Source Routing for Mobil Ad-hoc Networks
InactiveUS20070280174A1Reduce routing overheadLess affectedData switching by path configurationRadio/inductive link selection arrangementsNetwork densityNetworked system
This invention is about creating a new routing protocol, called Small Geographical Area Cell-based Dynamic Source Routing (SGA-DSR), for the mobile ad-hoc network systems (MANET). The design of this SGA-DSR protocol has greatly reduced the routing overheads over the many other MANET protocols. Because of the routing overhead reduction and its insensitive to the network density, SGA-DSR scales very well to fairly large networks such as covering the whole area, having over thousands of nodes. In all geographical based protocols, the positions and the geographical area boundaries are used in their special ways. Here, in SGA-DSR, the SGA based cells are constructed in a special way. The routing routes are much less affected by the dynamics of the topology changes.
Owner:PUN NGAN CHEUNG
Dynamic multipath routing algorithm based on mobility prediction
InactiveCN101827413AHigh irrelevanceReduce the number of timesNetwork topologiesData switching networksRouting algorithmMobile wireless
The invention discloses a dynamic multipath routing algorithm based on mobility prediction, being applied to a high-speed mobile wireless Mesh network. The algorithm comprises the following steps: firstly predicting the route lifetime by utilizing the mobile information of nodes and introducing the ideal of route lifetime into the route discovery process of the DSR protocol; routing multiple paths from the source node to the destination node by utilizing the comprehensive evaluation value generated by non-relevance between the route lifetime and multipath routes and improving the route maintenance, selection and cache mechanism by utilizing the route lifetime. The invention can search for relatively stable routes for the nodes in the high-speed mobile wireless Mesh network, and the searched multiple paths have higher non-relevance, thus reducing the frequency of route discovery, effectively lowering the routing overhead, improving the performances of the original DSR protocols and ensuring the algorithm to be adaptive to the high-speed mobile network environment.
Owner:赵欣
A method for route establishment under unidirectional link environment
InactiveCN101150518AReduce routing overheadReduce processing overheadEnergy efficient ICTNetwork topologiesInformation transmissionInformation transfer
The invention discloses a method for setting up route in unidirectional links circumstance, which is suitable for ADHoc network field so as to reduce the impact of unidirectional links on the information transmission of ADHoc network. The method can facilitate the node to identify as early as possible the existence of the unidirectional links in setting up the route by adding the neighbor node information in a RREQ message, so as to reduce the unnecessary energy loss in retransmitting the message of unidirectional links and easily realize a better support for the unidirectional links in the process of AODV route. In addition, the means can transmit the Hello2 message periodically through every node to cut down the expenditure in Hello means. The invention can reduce the energy losses of the ADHoc network needed on such occasions as military operations, calamity aids, mobile conference, sensor network, etc., and can extend the service life of the nodes of non-energy supplement.
Owner:UNIV OF SCI & TECH BEIJING
Air-ground integrated Internet of Vehicles information transmission method based on fog computing and intelligent traffic
InactiveCN111148069AGuaranteed reliabilityOptimization of the number of network copiesParticular environment based servicesVehicle wireless communication serviceSimulationFog computing
The invention belongs to the technical field of air-ground integrated Internet of Vehicles communication. The invention discloses an air-ground integrated Internet of Vehicles information transmissionmethod based on fog computing and intelligent traffic. The information transmission method based on fog computing is adopted for the problems existing in the prior art. An information transmission problem is formalized into a multi-objective optimization problem related to a link transmission rate, a link switching frequency and a network copy number; the number of times of link switching and thelink transmission rate are optimized in a combined manner; the number of network copies is optimized on the premise of ensuring the link reliability; transmission is carried out in a storage-carrying-forwarding opportunity transmission mode, and the unmanned aerial vehicle and the parking vehicle group are used as fog nodes to assist network communication, so that the network transmission successrate can be effectively improved, and the routing overhead, the transmission time delay and the link switching frequency are reduced. Compared with an existing mechanism, the information transmissionsuccess rate can be effectively improved, and the transmission delay, the routing overhead and the link switching frequency are reduced.
Owner:NORTHWESTERN POLYTECHNICAL UNIV
Fast routing convergence optimization method for LEO/MEO (Low Earth Orbit/Medium Earth Orbit) satellite network
ActiveCN106100720AShorten the timeReduce false positive rateRadio transmissionData switching networksQueuing delayDiffusion
The invention discloses a fast routing convergence optimization method for an LEO / MEO (Low Earth Orbit / Medium Earth Orbit) satellite network. The method comprises a step of carrying out dynamic bidirectional forwarding detection; a step of carrying out coverage clustering on the LEO / MEO satellite network; and a step of judging a fault type of the satellite network. During a fault detection stage, the fault detection speed is increased through the dynamic bidirectional forwarding detection; during an LSA (Link State Advertisement) diffusion stage, the routing overhead and the queuing delay are reduced through a coverage network clustering algorithm; and during a routing table updating stage, the updating delay of a routing table is reduced through an SFTJM (Satellite Network Fault Type Judging Method) algorithm, and the fast convergence of the whole network is finally realized.
Owner:DALIAN UNIVERSITY
Method of connecting security gateway to mesh network
ActiveUS9455959B1Reduce routing overheadReduce overheadMultiple digital computer combinationsProgram controlProtocol for Carrying Authentication for Network AccessMesh networking
In this invention we disclose methods for incorporating a security gateway within a wireless mesh network. In one embodiment, the wireless mesh network is a heterogeneous mesh network. In one embodiment, a gateway node, which is part of the wireless mesh network, requests a connection to the core network through a security gateway. The security gateway responds by creating an IPSec tunnel and a GRE tunnel within the IPSec tunnel from itself to the gateway node. Once the gateway node is communicatively coupled to the security gateway via secure tunneling, the gateway node sends a mesh routing protocol to the security gateway.
Owner:PARALLEL WIRELESS
Network multipath routing method based on AD HOC on basis of bidirectional rerouting
InactiveCN101309217AReduce lossHigh frequencyData switching networksWireless communicationReal-time computingMultipath routing
Disclosed is an ad hoc multi-path route method based on the bidirectional route reestablishment; the method relates to a source node, an intermediate node and a destination node: (1) the source node processes the route detection and establishes a plurality of routes from the source node to the destination node through an intermediate node (optional). (2) under the required situation, both the source node and the destination node can initiate the route reestablishing and establish a plurality of route paths from the source node to the destination node; when all the shortest paths from the source node to the destination node are interrupted, the source node uses the residual paths to send the data and informs the destination node to initiate the route reestablishing; when all the available paths are interrupted, the source node initiates the route reestablishing. The ad hoc multi-path route method based on the bidirectional route reestablishment can reduce the message loss caused by the frequent route interruption, improve the performance of the route discovering frequency, the route overhead and the average network delay effectively.
Owner:BEIHANG UNIV
Efficient routing method for orthogonal circular orbit configuration satellite constellation
ActiveCN111294108AReduce routing overheadRadio transmissionData switching networksLink modelPropagation delay
The invention discloses an efficient routing method for an orthogonal circular orbit configuration satellite constellation. According to the invention, the method comprises the steps: proposing a principle of proximity, a principle of approach and an equatorial orbit satellite active periodic updating mechanism according to a constellation link model to ensure the rationality and the cheapness ofa network link; proposing a link priority algorithm based on hop count prediction on the basis of the link model; enabling a satellite to send out a data packet according to the priority of each linkthrough sequential decisions of a link actual on-off state, a link pseudo-off state caused by a non-backhaul strategy, a destination node direction, a link congestion degree and a link propagation delay factor; carrying out discussion in four situations according to the categories of the source satellite node and the destination satellite node, and providing a hop count prediction method for sending data packets from different links for each situation according to satellite numbers and state information.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS
Relay selection method based on track relationship in unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc network and unmanned aerial vehicle
ActiveCN110475205AReduce overheadReduce complexityParticular environment based servicesNetwork topologiesNetwork communicationNetwork model
The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc network communication, and discloses a relay selection method based on a track relationship in an unmanned aerial vehiclead hoc network, and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc network model which comprises a source node, G ground base station nodes and N unmanned aerial vehicle nodes; constructing an information transmission scheme between communication nodes based on the unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc network model, and defining track information; calculating a track direction and a transmission probability between the communication nodes based on an information transmission scheme between the communication nodes and the track information; establishing a relay selection method based on the track relationship based on the position relationship and the transmission probability between the communication nodes; and simulating the relayselection method based on the track relationship and the existing mechanism based on the same network parameters, and verifying the superiority of the method. Compared with an existing mechanism, themethod has better performance in the aspects of improving the information transmission success rate and reducing the transmission delay and the routing overhead.
Owner:陕西锐远物通智能科技有限公司
Wireless ad hoc network reactive route method based on probability
InactiveCN101815337AReduce overheadControlling the extent of routingNetwork topologiesNetworking protocolWireless ad hoc network
The invention relates to a wireless ad hoc network reactive route method based on probability, belonging to the field of wireless networking protocols. A wireless ad hoc network has the following conditions: each node is configured with a wireless antenna with isotropy and has mobility; the two nodes are communicated directly when in mutual wireless communication range; and the node does not know the position information per se. The route method comprises a finding method and a route maintaining method. The route method is characterized in that a route re-finding method comprises the steps of: participating in path recovery by only an intermediate node being apart a certain distance (within K hop) from an old path, wherein the node on the old path participates in by the probability of 1; and participating in forwarding a route request message by other nodes in the range by the probability of p*. For communication conversation with longer durability time, the method can effectively lower the communication cost.
Owner:江苏中科泛联物联网科技股份有限公司
Routing method for internet of vehicles based on user activity area model
ActiveCN105792311AReduce the difficulty of forwardingImprove delivery success rateWireless communicationThe InternetSocial network
The invention provides a routing method for an internet of vehicles based on a user activity area model. The routing method for the internet of vehicles based on the user activity area model is provided to overcome the problem in the current internet of vehicles that user motion has community character, thus a message packet is difficult to transmit to a destination mode to result in a low delivery rate. The method comprises the following steps: (1) exploring the most possible activity area of a user according to the community character of node activity in a social network (SNs:Social Networks); (2) forwarding a message packet to the most possible occurrence area of the destination node by adopting the principle of proximity; and (3) waiting for the meeting the destination node and a hotspot carrying the message packet to deliver the message packet. The purpose is to change the traditional mode that the message packet is forwarded to a signal node into a mode that the message packet is forwarded to the user activity area, so as to greatly improve the delivery rate of the message packet.
Owner:CHONGQING UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM
Ad hoc network route discovery method based on Brownian motion
InactiveCN103957571AReduce routing overheadReduce the likelihood of a collisionNetwork topologiesHigh level techniquesNetwork modelBroadcasting
The invention discloses an Ad hoc network route discovery method based on Brownian motion, and the Ad hoc network route discovery method based on Brownian motion aims to reduce the routing overhead of a network with the help of the thought of combining history record orientation and probability forwarding. According to the method, a mobile network model based on Brownian motion is built, and the distribution rule of intermediate nodes which have met a targeted node is found and summarized; a calculation formula of probability of intermediate node forwarding is designed according to the distribution rule and the network environment; whether the intermediate nodes participate in forwarding or not is determined according to the forwarding probability, and routing between a source node and the targeted node is built. Based on the directional broadcasting, the routing algorithm reduces the density of the intermediate nodes which participate in forwarding, and is simple and low in consumption.
Owner:CHINA UNIV OF PETROLEUM (EAST CHINA)
Data path provisioning in a reconfigurable data network
ActiveUS7426186B2Shorter data pathReduce routing overheadError preventionFrequency-division multiplex detailsIp routerDatapath
A method for data path provisioning in a reconfigurable data network is disclosed. A data path between a source IP router and a destination IP router is determined taking into account the IP-subnets of the network interfaces of the IP routers included in the path. In one embodiment, the requirement that two IP routers can send packets via their connected interface if and only if the two interfaces are on the same subnet (i.e., the subnet constraint) is completely honored during the data path determination. In another embodiment, the data path is determined while allowing some number of violations of the subnet constraint. A transform network graph is computed and is used to determine the data path taking into account the IP-subnets.
Owner:LUCENT TECH INC +1
Mobile communication system based on wireless Ad hoc network
ActiveCN107454652AEfficient determinationRobustNetwork topologiesHigh level techniquesWireless ad hoc networkNetwork communication
The invention provides a mobile communication system based on a wireless Ad hoc network. The basic thought is that each communication device in the mobile communication system periodically transmits a route data frame including a link state message; a local communication device updates a calculated link state value to the link state message, and broadcasts the link state message conforming to a certain condition, so that a link state between the local communication device and a destination communication device can be represented by the link state value of the link state message transmitted by the local communication device after an adjacent-hop communication device receives the link state message transmitted by the local communication device; and each communication device maintains routing information according to the received route data frame, and determines an optimal next-hop communication device of each communication device in order to ensure an optimal communication path between each communication device and the destination communication device, so that the wireless Ad hoc network which is free from a fixed center, is high in robustness, is not limited by a network center node on the aspect of network communication range, and is high in network communication performance is built.
Owner:陕西尚品信息科技有限公司
Fragmented database routing method, system and device and storage medium
PendingCN111367884AIncrease profitReduce load pressureSpecial data processing applicationsDatabase design/maintainanceEngineeringCentral database
The invention discloses a fragmented database routing method, system and device and a storage medium, and relates to the database technology, and the fragmented database routing method comprises the steps that a client initiates a business data processing request comprising fragmented keys, and the fragmented keys are used for determining the distribution of business data in a fragmented database;the client obtains fragmentation element mapping data according to the fragmentation key; the client acquires a target fragmentation database instance including the service data according to the fragmentation meta-mapping data; and the client uses the target fragmentation database instance to route the service data processing request to the target fragmentation database. According to the fragmented database routing method, the service data processing request is directly routed to the target fragmented database, and the central database is bypassed, so that the utilization rate of the fragmented database is improved, the load pressure of the central database is reduced, and the fault probability of the central database is reduced.
Owner:卓望数码技术(深圳)有限公司
DSR routing protocol implementation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc network
ActiveCN111148178AReduce restartsStable transmission pathNetwork traffic/resource managementParticular environment based servicesNetwork controlUncrewed vehicle
The invention discloses a DSR routing protocol implementation method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc network. The method comprises the following steps: 1) state information of all nodes isexpanded; 2) a source node routing request option is extended, and a measurement factor flag bit is added on the basis of the original request option; 3) a routing request is initiated after the source node initializes the routing request packet expanded in the step 2); 4) an intermediate node receives the routing request broadcasted in the step 3), decides whether to receive the routing request or not according to the state of the intermediate node and the numerical value of the measurement factor flag bit of the read request option, calculates the measurement factor of the intermediate node,inserts the measurement factor flag bit of the request option and rebroadcasts the request; and 5) a destination node receives the routing request and replies a routing response to the requested source node. The method reduces the transmission delay, reduces the cost of the network control message, and improves the stability of service data reception.
Owner:GUILIN UNIV OF ELECTRONIC TECH
Low-power-consumption wide-area multi-hop networking method and system based on software definition
InactiveCN110650510AEasy to manageEasy to controlData switching networksHigh level techniquesNetwork managementControllability
The invention introduces a software defined network (SDN) technology into a low-power-consumption wide-area multi-hop network, and completes dynamic networking and flexible transmission of the networkthrough design and implementation of links such as topology discovery and maintenance, flow table generation and issuing and the like. Through control and data transmission decoupling of the network,software definition, flexibility and controllability of the network transmission process are realized, and meanwhile, the routing overhead of common sensing nodes is effectively reduced by adopting acentralized control algorithm, so that the routing success rate and the network stability are improved. The networking and transmission method provided by the invention is essentially different fromthe traditional routing-based networking method. According to the software defined network idea based on centralized control and numerical control separation, the advantages of a traditional softwaredefined network and the requirements of a wireless multi-hop network can be well met, and convenience is brought to the network management, centralized network configuration and the like of the wireless multi-hop network.
Owner:YUNNAN POWER GRID
A Routing Method Applicable to Wireless Networks Based on Contention Forwarding
InactiveCN105025545BRaise priorityStrong real-timeWireless communicationWireless mesh networkProlongation
The invention provides a method for selecting the next hop intermediate node based on competition forwarding, and a routing method suitable for wireless networks based on the node selection method. In the present invention, after the neighbors receive the data, the neighbors themselves compete for the forwarding right. By setting the backoff time and the extension rules of the backoff time, the backoff time of the node with a large number of hops to the root node will become longer when competing to forward the data. Let better nodes have higher priority. The routing method of the present invention only maintains the two-way routing between the root node and common nodes, and since a competition forwarding mechanism is adopted, there are multiple links between the root node and common nodes, and the stability is enhanced. When the data flow is generated, the destination node's one-way broadcast method in the data sending mechanism is used to make the whole network understand the routing information of the destination node. The invention can select the next hop node more optimally, has better transmission performance and lower routing overhead.
Owner:UNIV OF ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH OF CHINA
A routing method and device
ActiveCN106454984BIncrease usageImprove network throughputWireless communicationIp addressData transmission
The present invention provides a routing method and device. The method is applied to a heterogeneous wireless network, including: a node receives a Hello message and a topology control TC message; establishes a route according to the Hello message and the TC message, and the Hello message It carries the unique IP address of each neighbor node, and the specified bits on the IP address are used to indicate the adjacency relationship between this node and the corresponding neighbor node on all channels. The present invention can transmit routing messages on some channels to reduce the routing overhead of the whole network, and at the same time, low-rate channels can use precious bandwidth resources for business data transmission, improving the utilization rate and network throughput of low-rate channels.
Owner:ZTE CORP
A satellite network based on distributed SDN and its construction method
ActiveCN107294592BRealize Converged DeploymentReduce the burden onRadio transmissionData switching networksTelecommunicationsNetwork model
The invention discloses a satellite network based on distributed-type SDN and a construction method thereof, wherein the satellite network adopts a GEO / MEO / LEO three-layer satellite network model. The invention proposes a distributed-type software defined satellite network DSDSN network for the GEO / MEO / LEO three-layer satellite network and proposes a controller system configuration strategy for the same-layer satellite cluster based on the controller clustering technology. The strategy is based on the ideas of an ant colony clustering algorithm and through the selection of appropriate control nodes, the position and number of the controllers can be properly configured; the communication nodes can be deployed according to the formed controller cluster so as to reduce the total delay from the communication nodes to the neighboring controller node. The centralized management of the invention has a global view of all the nodes in the entire network, can grasp the status of satellite nodes and improve the survivability of the network. The invention reduces the routing cost by optimizing three parameters of the link connection duration, the total delay and the satellite resources.
Owner:DALIAN UNIV
Relay selection method based on track relationship in unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc network, unmanned aerial vehicle
ActiveCN110475205BReduce overheadReduce complexityParticular environment based servicesNetwork topologiesSimulationNetwork communication
Owner:陕西锐远物通智能科技有限公司
A routing method for Internet of Vehicles based on user activity area model
ActiveCN105792311BReduce the difficulty of forwardingImprove delivery success rateWireless communicationThe InternetSignaling nodes
Owner:CHONGQING UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM
Dynamic and Static Hybrid Routing Method for Space-Ground Integrated Network
ActiveCN110493130BReduce computational overheadEasy to handleRadio transmissionData switching networksEngineeringNetwork topology
The invention discloses a space-ground integrated network dynamic and static hybrid routing method, which aims to provide a method that adapts to the continuous dynamic change of the space-ground integrated network topology, the load capacity of the node star is limited, the transmission time of the inter-satellite link is prolonged, and the distribution of the carrying data flow A hybrid routing method that integrates dynamic and static features such as imbalance. The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: the static road sends the motion trajectory information of the satellite-based nodes to the ground operation and maintenance management and control center, initiates a routing request, and obtains the motion trajectory information of the satellite-based nodes; the operation and maintenance management and control center adopts a time-virtualized routing algorithm, Carry out time slice division, virtual topology map construction and original routing table creation; satellite-based nodes respond to routing requests, and after accepting tasks, construct task routes according to static routing tables, obtain on-board load tasks, and judge whether sending data packets is successful. If it fails, the DSR routing algorithm is used to dynamically reconstruct the route. If the data packet is sent successfully, the data packet transmission is completed.
Owner:10TH RES INST OF CETC
Method for processing wireless network node buffering data package
InactiveCN100477639CSave spaceFast solutionData switching networksWireless communicationNetwork packetCode space
Owner:G CLOUD TECH
Routing fast convergence optimization method for leo/meo satellite network
ActiveCN106100720BShorten the timeReduce false positive rateRadio transmissionData switching networksRouting tableBidirectional Forwarding Detection
The route fast convergence optimization method of the LEO / MEO satellite network includes: a step of dynamic two-way forwarding detection; a step of coverage clustering for the MEO / LEO satellite network; and a step of judging the fault type of the satellite network. In the fault detection stage, the fault detection speed is improved through dynamic bidirectional forwarding detection; in the LSA diffusion stage, the routing overhead and queuing delay are reduced through the overlay network clustering algorithm; in the routing table update stage, the SFTJM algorithm is used to reduce the routing table update time Delay, and finally achieve the rapid convergence of the entire network.
Owner:DALIAN UNIV
A method for route establishment under unidirectional link environment
InactiveCN100556000CReduce routing overheadReduce processing overheadEnergy efficient ICTNetwork topologiesInformation transmissionComputer science
The invention discloses a method for setting up route in unidirectional links circumstance, which is suitable for ADHoc network field so as to reduce the impact of unidirectional links on the information transmission of ADHoc network. The method can facilitate the node to identify as early as possible the existence of the unidirectional links in setting up the route by adding the neighbor node information in a RREQ message, so as to reduce the unnecessary energy loss in retransmitting the message of unidirectional links and easily realize a better support for the unidirectional links in the process of AODV route. In addition, the means can transmit the Hello2 message periodically through every node to cut down the expenditure in Hello means. The invention can reduce the energy losses of the ADHoc network needed on such occasions as military operations, calamity aids, mobile conference, sensor network, etc., and can extend the service life of the nodes of non-energy supplement.
Owner:UNIV OF SCI & TECH BEIJING
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