The invention relates to a vertical on-site torque calibration device based on a speed reducer force application principle and belongs to the torque calibration field. The device comprises a first electric lead screw lifting platform, a second electric lead screw lifting platform, a pressing sheet, a standard lever, a sensor to be measured, a lateral force resistance device, a pedestal, a movable working table, a first standard-type S sensor, a second standard S type sensor, a motor, a circular gear and a sector gear. Aiming at a large torque calibration demand, based on a current test condition, a set of on-site torque calibration device is established. A lever balance principle is used, and through the lever, a generated standard moment value is loaded and is compared to a measured data of a calibrated sensor so as to reach a calibration purpose. The device can be simply and rapidly operated. In the prior art, measurement precision is low, time is long and the device is not suitable for on-site detection. By using the device of the invention, the above problems are solved, requirements of measured value transmission and traceability are satisfied and large torque on-site calibration can be realized.