The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic tracking, and particularly discloses an electromagnetic tracking system and method based on rapid determination of a vector rotation angle of maximum magnetic induction intensity. The electromagnetic tracking system disclosed by the invention consists of a three-axis magnetic-field sensor device, magnetic-field source devices, a controllable constant-current source device and a control processing display device; the controllable constant-current source device stimulates three coils which are wound on a magnetic core made of soft magnetic ferrite material and are mutually orthometric, and the central points of the coils are overlapped, so that one magnetic-field source device is formed; the three-axis magnetic-field sensor device is used for detecting the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic-field source devices, and the control processing display device can control the controllable constant-current source device to stimulate the coils and can perform positioning calculation according to the magnetic induction intensity detected by the three-axis magnetic-field sensor device. Due to the adoption of the electromagnetic tracking system disclosed by the invention, positioning can be realized by only stimulating the three coils once, the searching process is avoided, the real-time performance is significantly improved, the stability is high, the calculating complexity is low, and the electromagnetic tracking system can be applied to the navigation of minimally invasive surgery and other fields, such as virtual (enhancing) reality, and three-dimension ultrasonic imaging.