The invention discloses a dry-type air-core reactor maximum short-time current experiment device and an experiment method thereof. The device comprises a single-phase voltage regulator T1, a test transformer T2, a rectification silicon stack D, a protection water resistor R1, a current shunt R2, a first circuit breaker ZN1, a second circuit breaker ZN2, an electrostatic voltmeter C1, a charging capacitor C2, a capacitive voltage divider, an oscilloscope XSC and a test sample dry-type air-core reactor L. Due to the fact that a direct-current charging method is adopted, only a test transformer with very small capacity is needed, and the capacity is not larger than 100 kVA; by utilizing the zero input response characteristic of the second-order circuit, when the capacitor is switched on at the highest voltage, the current of the loop is increased from the minimum zero current value to the maximum peak value, so that the current impact on the circuit breaker is minimum; the test loop is simple, a complex software control system is not needed, a large-capacity alternating-current transformer power supply and an oscilloscope are not needed, and the test device is a conventional instrument.