The invention relates to a target tracking method based on sparse feature selection. According to the method, firstly, a target, a background and a to-be-selected target point are expressed by use of Haar-like features; then, feature selection is performed on high-dimensional Haar-like features by use of a special nature of sparse expression, and features well distinguishing the target and background are selected as expression of sample points; and finally, selected sample points are used for training a na ve Bayes classifier, and updating classification is performed online, so that the classifier can reflect the relation between the target and background in real time. A projection matrix is constructed by use of the sparse feature selection method, dimensionality reduction is performed on conventional high-dimensional Haar-like features, the calculated quantity is reduced, meanwhile, features helpful to classification are retained, the target and background can be distinguished more effectively, and rapid robustness tracking of the target is realized.