The application discloses a short-term photovoltaic power prediction method suitable for multi-county geographical heterogeneity, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power prediction; the method comprises the following steps: a data preprocessing step, collecting multi-county meteorological and power generation data, performing
time alignment, missing value filling, abnormal value
elimination and
feature engineering processing; a county heterogeneity quantification step, performing K-means++ clustering based on geographical features and meteorological statistical features, and quantifying the power contribution degree of each factor by adopting a SHAP value
analysis method; an adaptive
feature screening step, screening core features based on a factor weight vector, and generating a county exclusive feature subset; a
mixed model integration step, constructing an LSTM, XGBoost and GPR basic model
library, and integrating by dynamically distributing model weights by adopting an
AdaBoost algorithm; and a summer and autumn scene optimization step, applying special correction to different county scenes. The application fully considers the influence of geographical heterogeneity on
photovoltaic power generation, realizes accurate prediction of multi-county photovoltaic power, and improves the prediction accuracy.