The invention discloses a compressed image steganography encoding method based on AMBTC high and low average optimization. According to the compressed image steganography encoding method disclosed by the invention, after the smoothness of an image block is evaluated, data are embedded in smooth blocks one by one to obtain a stego image, wherein the data embedding comprises two steps: replacing a binary bitmap by the data, and optimizing high and low averages according to the embedded data and an original bitmap. With the adoption of the compressed image steganography encoding method, the computing is simple, the method is easy to realize, and a receiving side only needs to directly take out a bitmap of a receiving side, namely the embedded data, by discriminating the smooth blocks according to a secrete key; in addition, requirements on computing resources are low, and the use is convenient, so that the compressed image steganography encoding method has a good application prospect in the real-time field, mobile terminals with limited computing resources, and the like.