The invention discloses a method and a device for acquiring stimulated Brillouin scattering light with high-fidelity pulse waveforms, and belongs to the field of optics. The method and the device aim to solve the problems of low fidelity caused by the front edge steepening, pulse width narrowing and modulation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse waveforms generated by a conventional Brillouin scattering light generation device and the structural complexity of a conventional improved device. In the method and the device, after P polarized pumped laser emitted by a laser is transmitted by a 1 / 2 wave plate, polarized pumped light with a P polarized component and an S polarized component is output; after the polarized pumped light of the P polarized component is transmitted sequentially by a polarizing film and a 1 / 4 wave plate, left circularly polarized pumped light is output and enters a liquid-core optical fiber by a coupling lens, and the stimulated Brillouin scattering light which is right circularly polarized light is output by the liquid-core optical fiber; and the right circularly polarized light is backtracked and completely converted into S polarized beams by the 1 / 4 wave plate.