The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for prevention of birth defects and improvement of memory which comprises largehead atractylodes rhizome, south dodder seed, vitamin A, Beta-carotene, compound vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, major elements of calcium and magnesium and trace elements of zinc, selenium, iron, chromium, copper, molybdenum and manganese. The composition is mainly applicable to pre-pregnancy women, pregnant women and lactating mothers and can effectively prevent the birth defects and improve the memory; furthermore, the composition has the effects of health care and invigoration and does not have any side effects even in long-term application.