The invention belongs to the field of sternum retractors, and particularly relates to a sternum retractor for cardiothoracic vascular surgery and a using method of the sternum retractor. The sternum retractor comprises a retraction mechanism for sternum retraction, a lifting and translation mechanism for driving the retraction mechanism to lift and translate and a supporting mechanism for supporting the lifting and translation mechanism. The retraction mechanism comprises a retracting sliding table, a first motor, a bidirectional lead screw, first sliding blocks and first sliding rods, the first motor is installed on the outer wall of the retracting sliding table, the bidirectional lead screw connected with an output shaft of the first motor is connected to the inner side of the retracting sliding table through a bearing, the two first sliding blocks are connected to the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw through threads, and the first sliding rods which are in sliding connection with the first sliding blocks are fixed to the positions, located on the two sides of the bidirectional lead screw, of the inner side of the retracting sliding table. The lifting and translation mechanism is adopted, so that lifting or translation can be carried out by driving the retraction mechanism, the sternum retractor can adapt to the chest position of a patient, and the requirement during sternum retraction is met.