The invention discloses a control system of a stranding machine. The control system of the stranding machine comprises a man-machine interaction module, a main shaft control module and a taking-up control module, wherein the main shaft control module comprises a first driving unit used for driving a main shaft, the taking-up control module comprises a control unit, a first detecting unit and a second driving unit, the first detecting unit and the second driving unit are in signal connection with the control unit, the man-machine interaction module is in signal connection with the first driving unit of the main shaft control module and the control unit of the taking-up control module, and the first detecting unit is in signal connection with the main shaft control module. The invention further discloses a control method of the stranding machine. According to the control system of the stranding machine and the control method of the stranding machine, the rotating speed of the main shaft corresponds to the rotating speed of a stranding bow in a stranding process, the rotating speed of a taking-up motor corresponds to the rotating speed of a taking-up wheel, the combination of different rotating speeds of the main shaft and speeds of the taking-up motor corresponds to different stranding distances, the stranding distance can be adjusted through the control of the rotating speed of the main shaft and the rotating speed of the taking-up wheel, a transmission mechanism, used for adjusting the speed of a gear, of an ordinary stranding machine is eliminated, therefore, cost is saved and efficiency is improved.