The invention discloses a method and device for performing online monitoring to fatigue damage of KTP crystals. According to the method, the He-Ne laser transmission rate of a laser radiation area can be reduced by utilizing the fatigue damage generated under the mutual action of the KTP crystals and high-strength laser, so that the fatigue damage of KTP crystals can be monitored in an online manner by utilizing He-Ne laser; the device comprises a high-energy laser device, a lens, KTP crystals, a light absorbing pool, a spectroscope, a He-Ne laser device, a first energy meter, a second energy meter, a synchronous controller, a router and a computer control system. the transmission rate of He-Ne laser can be calculated in real time through the computer control system through utilizing the KTP crystals to absorb light, and the fatigue damage status of the KTP crystals can be judged, the on and off of the high-energy laser device can be accurately controlled, and the permanent damage of the KTP crystals can be avoided, the control precision is high, the operation is convenient and simple, and reliable guarantee is provided for accurately determining the fatigue damage of the KTP crystals.