The invention discloses a wear-resistant high-precision self-centering chuck which comprises chuck bodies, bevel gears mounted in the chuck bodies, wire coiling bodies, garbage baffles, sealing rings or sealing tapes, lubricating pieces and magnetic blocks, wherein the multiple types of rolling or combined type rolling guide rails are arranged at both ends of the bevel gears, the inner and outer diameter parts (the inner diameter parts and the outer diameter parts) and the end surfaces of the wire coiling bodies, or on the chuck bodies; the lubricant passage ways or a lubricating oil is arranged at friction parts as well as parts, provided with the rolling guide rails, of the chuck bodies; multiple types of sliding guide rails which are super large in contact area and convenient in precision repair and claws which are convenient in precision repair are arranged on the end surfaces of the chuck bodies; the garbage baffles have sealing property; the sealing rings or sealing tapes are arranged at the inner and outer diameter parts of the chuck bodies or at the garbage baffles; the lubricating pieces are arranged in the guide rails arranged on the end surfaces of the chuck bodies; the magnetic blocks are arranged on the claws and capable of easily clamping disc parts to be flat. The wear-resistant high-precision self-centering chuck has the advantages that the wear precision can be conveniently repaired, the cost is low, the precision is high, high durability is achieved, the production cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the original generation chuck can be replaced, therefore the chuck is an ideal wear-resistant high-precision self-centering chuck.