The invention relates to a test device and a test method for a full-bridge module of a high-voltage DC circuit breaker. The test device includes a charging circuit, a capacitor C1, a reactor L, a full-bridge module unit, an energy absorber Rz, and a thyristor T; wherein the charging circuit includes DC charging power supply, current limiting resistor R, isolation switch K, discharge resistor R off , Release switch K2. The test method charges the low-voltage large capacitor through the DC power supply. After the completion, the thyristor triggers the test circuit. The test current is injected into the full-bridge module after being adjusted by the reactance. When the expected breaking current or the maximum breaking time is reached, the breaking is completed. Energy absorbers absorb and limit overvoltages. The topology of the test circuit is simple, the control is simple, the test capacity is low, the test current is large, the breaking current amplitude and di/dt are flexible and adjustable, the test equivalent is high, and it has the ability to comprehensively test the design rationality and operational reliability of the full-bridge module unit ability.