The invention provides a device and a method for quickly converting a YUV420 format into a RGB format. The device comprises a loading module, a separation module, an extension module, a computation module and a combining module, wherein the loading module is used for loading data of YUV420 format into a continuous memory of a graphics processing unit (GPU), the separation module is used for separating the data of YUV420 format, the extension module is used for extending the channel data of a U channel and a V channel, the computation module is used for computing the values of R, G and B channels, and the combining module is used for combining the values of the R, G and B channels into an image of RGB format. The device provided by the invention adopts the GPU to quickly convert the YUV420 format into the RGB format and achieve complete parallel computation, and is applicable to the situations of the YUV420 formats with different resolutions; with the configuration of a relatively low-performance video card, time required for converting the YUV420 format into the RGB format is only within several milliseconds, in the case that the GPU has many resources, multiple paths of YUV420 data can be quickly converted at the same time, the time for converting the YUV420 format into the RGB format is greatly reduced, and the instantaneity is improved under various applications.