402results about How to "Loose texture" patented technology

The invention disclose a compound amino acid organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that the compound amino acid organic fertilizer consists of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 5 to 10 of compound amino acid, 0.3 to 0.5 of microbial yeasts, 16 to 29 of inorganic fertilizers, 5 to 10 of humic acid fertilizers and 0.2 to 1 of trace elements. A production method of the compound amino acid organic fertilizer comprises the following steps that: firstly, compound amino acid water solution, the microbial yeasts and the humic acid fertilizers are respectively prepared, then, inorganic compounds containing boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc are added into the compound amino acid water solution, and the chelation is carried out at a temperature being 80 to 110 DEG C so that the mixture becomes free-state chelated amino acid salt; after the metering, 10 to 50kg of raw materials are added into each ton of farmyard manure to be mixed, then, the mixed materials are placed into a warehouse for natural stacking and curing for 3 to 5 days and can be pelletized and packed to leave factories. The compound amino acid organic fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer and belongs to a compound organic fertilizer capable of improving the amino acid content of high-quality fragrant rice and fruit and vegetables, improving the fruit and vegetable quality and improving the sugar content of sugarcanes.

The invention discloses bio-organic fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer. The proportion by weight of all raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer is dried chicken manure : edible mushroom : compound microbial agent : corn flour or rice bran : functional strain = 110-140 : 390-360 : 0.1-0.5 ; 0.1. The compound microbial agent comprises mould, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes. The strains are efficient viable bacteria. Each gram of the compound microbial agent comprises the number of the mould ranges from 5 hundred million to 8 hundred million, the number of the efficient viable bacteria of bacillus ranges from 12 hundred million to 15 hundred million, and the number of the actinomycetes ranges from 10 hundred million to 12 hundred million and the saccharomycetes of 15 hundred million to 18 million. According to the bio-organic fertilizer, the chicken manure and mushroom dregs serve as main materials, and the high-quality organic fertilizer can be fermented quickly by adding the compound microbial agent and the functional strain.

The invention discloses an L-polylactide filler for injection and a preparation method thereof. Active ingredients of the filler are L-polylactide particles, honeycomb HA and a synergist, the honeycomb HA is obtained by alcohol precipitation and drying of a water solution formed by mixing sodium hyaluronate high in molecular weight and sodium hyaluronate low in molecular weight in an alkaline condition, and the synergist is mannitol or a mixture of mannitol and aloe polysaccharide with a mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.12. The filler is simple to prepare, shorter in re-suspension time, long in validity period and more convenient to use.

The microbe fermented feed is produced through preparing fermenting agent with several kinds of microbial strains, mixing supplementary material, straw and activated fermenting agent, fermentation inside one container of fermenting pond. The fermenting agent has wide application range of fermentation conditions and various straw and vine, green or dry, of different crops may be used as the main material for producing the fermented feed. The fermented feed has good feeding effect, and is delicious and easy to digest and absorb.

The invention relates to fermentation waste vegetables feed and a preparation method. The fermentation waste vegetables feed consists of mixed raw materials and microorganism living bacteria liquid, wherein the mixed raw materials consist of vegetable waste materials, straw and corn powder; and each ton of the mixed raw materials are formed according to the weight ratio (w / w): 70 to 80 percent of waste vegetables, 20 to 25 percent of straw, and 4 to 6 percent of corn powder. Each ton of the mixed raw materials are added with 30 to 40 milliliters of the microorganism living bacteria liquid, and the content of living bacteria for the microorganism living bacteria liquid is between 1.0x10<9>cfu / mL and 1.0x10<11>cfu / mL. The fermentation waste vegetables feed and the preparation method have the advantages of reasonable formulation, scientific production method, wide applicable areas, simple operation, easy master, low cost, reasonable formula design, convenient production, suitability for broad peasant households and livestock breeding plants, safe and no toxity, and great adaptability to fermentation conditions, and can be used as feed of cows, sheep, geese, and so on, make full use of side products in agriculture industry, realize reasonable use of the resources, and provide new techniques for clean and sustainable agricultural industry.

The invention discloses a production method and application of sandy land conditioner made from bentonite. The production method and application include the steps of firstly, purifying and modifying bentonite, and adding special additive to produce sandy land conditioner; secondly, manually or mechanically evenly scattering the sandy land conditioner to sandy soil surface of leveled sandy land, dry farmland or arid farmland; thirdly, using a rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage so as to evenly mix the sandy land conditioner and the sand soil inside topsoil; and fourthly, fully irrigating with water to enable the sandy land conditioner to absorb water and turn adhesive so that the sandy land conditioner is well combined with the sand soil to form soil aggregates, thereby achieving water saving, water holding, fertilizer holding, wind proofing and sand stabilization and increasing yield of planted crops. The sandy soil conditioner is mainly used for modifying sand soil, dry farmlands and arid farmlands, and can also be used for modification of saline-alkali soil, impoverished soil, yellow mud soil and easily caking soil, desertification control and various sand stabilizing projects. The sandy land conditioner is more effective in application to rice planting.

The invention discloses a soilless culture substrate for fruits and vegetables and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The substrate comprises the following components in volume ratio: 40-50% of vinegar residue, 10-20% of manioc waste, 15-25% of plant ash and 10-20% of vermiculite; as for the substrate, the water content is 25-45%, the total porosity is 65-95%, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 25%, the content of total nutrients is 2-5%, the grain diameter is 0.1-4.9mm, the volume weight is 0.2-0.8g / cm<3> and the gas / water ratio is 1: (2-4); and the EC (Elasticity Coefficient) value is 1-3mS / cm and the pH value is 6-7.5. According to the soilless culture substrate, organic wastes are mainly utilized as raw materials and are subjected to high-temperature fermentation treatment to produce the soilless culture substrate, so that the soilless culture substrate changes wastes into valuable things and turns harm into good. The soilless culture substrate for the fruits and the vegetables disclosed by the invention has the advantages of low cost, light texture and complete nutrients, is very suitable for growth and development of the fruits and the vegetables, and is a good substrate for vegetable soilless culture.

The invention discloses a method for culturing an orchid and a special bacterium thereof. The name of the bacterium of the invention is GDB181 the preservation number of which is CGMCCNo.2574. The method of the invention includes the steps for together culturing the bacterium of the invention and the orchid. The bacterium of the invention is applicable for the root culturing of an orchid bacteria and builds an epiphyte bacterium with excellent root which effectively coexists with the orchid. The method of the invention for culturing the orchid can better control the inoculation amount and can fix the inoculation position, thus fully ensuring the tissue culture seedling of the orchid to build the coexistence relation with the epiphyte bacterium with excellent root, simultaneously simplifying the inoculation steps and reducing the inoculation times. Permanent effect can be achieved by being inoculated for once, thus avoiding the dead seedling phenomenon caused by a plurality of manual inoculations, thereby improving the survival rate of transplanting and obtaining the root orchid seedling which grows strongly. Therefore, the method for culturing bacterium, the culture medium of the bacterium and the culture medium of the orchid of the invention has important economic values and is applicable for popularization and application.

The invention discloses a solid microbial inoculum that is used for decomposing petroleum pollutants and petroleum products, and a preparation method and applications of the solid microbial inoculum; and the invention belongs to the technical field of biological reparation in the emergency processing of accidents including petroleum pollution of soils and petroleum product leakage. The solid microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing a pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria fermented fluid, turfy soil and bran with proportion by weight: 0.1-1:1:0.2-0.5, and the effective living bacteria number of pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria inside the pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria fermented fluid is 10 to 10 in each milliliter. The solid microbial inoculum has the advantages of high liveness in soil and quick growth, does not cause secondary environmental pollution, and can be used in the biological reparation on the spot of accidents including petroleum pollution of soils and petroleum product leakage.

The invention belongs to the field of nutrient medium for soilless culture and a method for making the nutrient medium. The medium comprises a solid part and a nutrient solution. The making method comprises the steps of: pulverizing cotton seed shells and coal cinders, placing into two fermenting tanks, adding the nutrient solution until the materials absorb saturatedly, coating and fermenting for 8-14m; adding 2-4kg of 70% dexon raw powder into the decomposed cotton seed shells and the coal cinders per ton, uniformly stirring and airing; mixing the decomposed cotton seed shells and the coal cinders according to the volume ratio of 3:1-12:1; mixing 25-35kg of cake fertilizer to the mixed medium per ton, adding urine until the saturate state, re-coating and re-fermenting for 5-7m to enable the pH of the nutrient medium to be 7.0-7.5 when the fermentation is stopped, finally, adding a proper amount of sulfur powder to adjust the pH of the nutrient medium to be 6.0-7.5 so as to adapt the requirements of different plants. The nutrient medium has rich nutrient, favorable permeability, water retention, fertilizer retention, convenient making and wide raw material sources, and is suitable for various flowers and vegetables growing.

The invention discloses freeze-dried dendrobium officinale powder and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of (1) cleaning fresh picked dendrobium officinale with water, drying, and cutting the dendrobium officinale into sections which are 2-4cm long; (2) putting the dried dendrobium officinale into a juicing machine, adding pure water according to a ratio of material to liquid being 1g:5ml and juicing; (3) freezing the dendrobium officinale juice at the temperature of -20 DEG C for one night; (4) pre-cooling vacuum freeze-drying equipment at the temperature of -56 DEG C for half an hour; and (5) putting a frozen dendrobium officinale product into the pre-cooled vacuum freeze-drying equipment, and performing vacuum freeze-drying treatment under conditions that the temperature is -56 DEG C and the vacuum degree is 7-9Pa for 18-30 hours so as to obtain the freeze-dried dendrobium officinale powder. The method is simple, is easy to operate and is low in production cost; the obtained freeze-dried dendrobium officinale powder product is loose, is rich in dendrobium officinale polysaccharide, does not contain fibers and is high in dissolvability; the utilization rate of the officinale polysaccharide is high; furthermore, the original state of dendrobium officinale is retained, and the freeze-dried dendrobium officinale powder is light green, has a fresh taste and medicinal effects and can be stored and transported under normal temperature; the retention period is effectively prolonged.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a dendrobium officinale culture substrate. The method specifically comprises the following steps: forming the culture substrate by using rotten woods, oil tea camellia cakes, camellia oleifera abel peels and corncobs according to quantities, wherein when the rotten woods and the corncobs are crushed, a crushing machine is placed with no screen, so that the rotten woods and the corncobs are crushed into crushed substances and irregular substances including pieces and blocks. The prepared substrate has the advantages as follows: the culture medium prepared by using the rotten woods as main raw material is very suitable for nutrients needed by dendrobium officinale during growing; by using a crushing measure of the rotten woods and the corncobs, the crushed substances can be transformed into nutrients for the dendrobium officinale to absorb; the pieces and the blocks are slowly transformed to follow-up nutrients; therefore, a long-acting and balanced nutrient supply system is formed; and as the blocks are distributed inside the substrate so that the substrate has fluffy texture, the substrate is also beneficial for more root surfaces of the dendrobium officinale to grow; therefore, the growing speed of the dendrobium officinale is accelerated and the yield of the dendrobium officinale is increased.

The invention aims at providing a technology which adopts plastic breather bags to prepare side-pocket mushroom cultispecies. Plastic breather bags are used as the containers for formal culture; the side-pocket mushroom cultispecies are cultivated by the activated culture step of mother species, the pre-culture step for preparing protospecies and the formal culture step of inoculating the protospecies to the side-pocket cultispecies; and the preparation process adopts an improved autoclave to conduct sterilization and cooling treatments. By adopting the plastic breather bags and being combined with the special preparation steps and equipments, the invention is reliable, can fast produce side-pocket mushroom cultispecies in quantity, simultaneously can reduce the preparation cost, and lead the operation to achieve automation and save labor power; in the preparation process, the integration of autoclaving and aseptic cooling is realized, the quality of strain preparation is guaranteed, and the time cost and labor force are saved; the technology has simple and convenient operation, high yield and remarkable economic efficiency, and is easy for mechanized production.

The invention provides the application of a silkworm raising byproduct of a silkworm excrement fermentation waste to the edible fungus culture. The silkworm excrement is taken as the biogas fermentation raw material; and the marsh liquid and marsh refuse after the biogas fermentation can be further reutilized. The marsh liquid can be taken as the liquid fertilizer for the earthing edible fungus culture after being processed; and the marsh refuse can be taken as the fungus culture material after being processed. Therefore, the edible fungus culture cost can be reduced. While another silkworm raising byproduct of mulberry twigs can be prepared into fungus rods for the production of the edible fungus after clipping, crushing, sterilization and inoculation. The invention can improve the comprehensive utilization of the silkworm raising byproducts, reduce the environmental pollution, realize the cyclic production of the edible fungus, and reduce the production cost of the edible fungus.

The invention particularly relates to a composite organic nursery substrate and a production method thereof. The substrate adopts leftovers of edible fungi and peanut shells as main materials, adopts peat, vermiculite, rice husk ash and attapulgite as accessories and adopts water retention agents, green fertilizers and ferrous sulfate as additives. The volume ratio of the main materials is 40-60:20-30 in sequence, the accessories are 5-20% of the main materials and the additives are in proper quantities. The production process of the substrate is as follows: decomposition pretreatment is carried on the main materials; the accessories and additives are added according to the volume ratio and are stirred evenly until the mixture passes test to be a qualified finished product. The substrate of the invention has good quality, rapid and neat emergence of seedlings, healthy plant growth and good water retention. The fertilizer efficiency can last for 30-50 days, enough for the growing development of the seedling stage, thus simplifying the management of labor power on plug seedling. Meanwhile, with good buffer action, the substrate can be widely applied to seedling culture of various organisms such as vegetables, flowers, cotton, rice, tobacco and nursery stocks, etc.

The invention relates to an ambroxol hydrochloride freeze-dried powder injection and a preparation method thereof. The freeze-dried powder injection comprises ambroxol hydrochloride and mannitol. The ambroxol hydrochloride freeze-dried powder injection prepared by a freeze-drying technology has good stability and high dissolution velocity while all other indexes accord with regulation.

The invention relates to a flower planting nutrient soil and a production method thereof. The method comprises the steps of 1) mixing municipal domestic sludge, food waste residues and yeast liquid waste according to the proportion of (75-85):(15-25):(0.5-1.5), and stirring uniformly; 2), adding a certain amount of active microorganisms into raw materials in the step 1), and conducting continuous fermentation for 15-18 days; 3), placing the raw materials after fermentation into a decomposition bin until the temperature is lowered to the room temperature, and obtaining the flower planting nutrient soil; and detecting N, P and K of the decomposed nutrient soil and the content of organic matters and adjusting the nutrient soil by adding a large amount of elements such as N, P and K. According to the production method of the flower planting nutrient soil, the sources of the raw materials are rich, the production period is short, the cost is low, and the produced flower planting nutrient soil is nutritious and capable of improving the survival of plantlets, prolonging the flower season and improving the quality of the flower.

The invention discloses a vegetable seedling substrate. A substrate raw material comprises, by weight, waste fungi bags, perlite, remote mountain humus soil, puffed cow dung, pine tree barks, and a Chinese medicine residue; the Chinese medicine residue is a mixture including pine needles, Radix stemonae, Eupatorium adenophora, Dendrobiumnobile, liquorices, and Codonopsispilosula, wherein the mixture is obtained through high-temperature aerobic fermentation processing. The three-phase equilibrium (solids, liquid, and air) optimum environment which can ensure growth and development of plant roots and is required by vegetables, can be established through the specific substrate raw material which has good physical and chemical properties by means of the optimum proportion; the soil is fertile and the cost is low by adoption of the remote mountain humus soil; the Chinese medicine residue including ample organic matters and ample inorganic matters, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium which are required by plant growth, can improve the fertilizer efficiency of the seedling substrate and can kill bacteria; vermiculite and the perlite can change the permeability and the volume-weight of the seedling substrate, can absorb effective constituents of the Chinese medicine residue, and can play the effect of sustained release.

The invention discloses a flower seedling wood cutting medium, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The medium comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30 to 50 percent of vinegar residues, 10 to 20 percent of manioc waste, 10 to 15 percent of plant ash, 10 to 20 percent of vermiculite, 10 to 20 percent of turf, wherein the water content of the medium is between 25 and 40 percent, the total porosity is between 65 and 90 percent, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20 percent, the total nutrition content is between 1 and 3 percent, the grain diameter is between 0.1 and 3.5mm, the volume weight is between 0.2 and 0.8g / cm3, the gas-water ratio is 1:(2-4), the EC (nutrient liquid concentration) value is between 1 and 3mS / cm, and the pH is between 6 and 7.5. According to the flower seedling wood cutting medium, organic wastes are mainly used as raw materials and fermented at high temperature to produce soilless culture medium, so that waste materials are changed into valuable things, and harmful substances are changed into benefits things. The medium is low in cost, light in weight and comprehensive in nutrition, is suitable for flower seedling wood cutting seedling, and is an excellent medium for soilless culture of garden crops.

The present invention is microbial fermented feeds, microbe mother liquor for fermented feeds and their production process. Several microbe strains may be used in anaerobic fermentation of various crop stalk powder, husk, bran, bean residue, etc. to produce various kinds of fermented feed. The present invention has reasonable composition, scientific production process, wide application range and other advantages, and the fermented feed has low cost high feeding efficiency and capability of raising animal's resistance.

The invention relates to a novel Pinang softening method, which is characterized in that adopted enzyme preparation constituents are cellulase, xylanase, prolease, laccase, amylase and accessory ingredients. By adding the enzyme preparations which are purified through a liquid further fermentation technology and a membrane technology and relevant accessory ingredients to a particular stage of a typical Pinang production technique, a good Pinang softening effect can be realized under a given condition.

The invention discloses a water body antidote in the field of freshwater aquaculture and a preparing and using method thereof. The antidote is prepared by mixing a carrier material, an adsorbent, traditional Chinese herbs, organic acid and a metal-chelator. Under the combined effect of the adsorbent, active ingredients of the traditional Chinese herbs, the organic acid and the metal-chelator, the water body antidote can be used for decolorizing, deodorizing, softening, clarifying, sterilizing and detoxifying a water body, so that the water body can be clarified, foreign odors can be eliminated, dissolved oxygen can be increased, harm of heavy metal ions and pathogenic bacteria to aquatic products can be relieved, the survival rate of young aquatic animals can be improved, and development of the fresh water aquiculture industry can be promoted.

The invention discloses an organic / inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The organic / inorganic composite fertilizer comprises chicken manure peat mixture compost and inorganic chemical fertilizer. The chicken manure peat mixture compost is prepared by adding microbial fermentative bacteria in chicken manure and peat, fermenting and decomposing; inorganic chemical fertilizer is added in the chicken manure peat mixture compost and mixed, and by dry matter weight, the chicken manure peat mixture compost accounts for 55.5-64.5% of the total weight of the compound fertilizer, and the inorganic chemical fertilizer accounts for 35.5-44.5% of the total weight of the compound fertilizer. The organic / inorganic compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention is helpful for promoting growth of tea trees, increasing yield of tea leaves, increasing contents of nutrient substances in tea leaves, and improving resistance of tea trees; is helpful for improving the hardening problem of tea garden soil; is helpful for ecologically treating chicken manure and other livestock and poultry manure and preventing pollution of livestock and poultry manure to environment; and has good economic benefit and ecological and environmental benefits.

The invention relates to a foam ceramic insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The foam ceramic insulation material comprises the following raw materials in weight content: 30-95% of industrial waste material by mixing one or more of waste slag, waste stone flour or kaolin mine tailing, 1-18% of lithium porcelain stone, 1-20% of light-burnt magnesia, 1-30% of clay, and 0.5-20% of a foaming agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A) performing ball-milling on the raw materials of the foam ceramic insulation material to prepare the granular powder; B) performing burden distribution on powder and sintering the powder at the temperature of 1000-1400 DEG C, insulating for 2-5 hours to obtain the foam ceramic insulation material; and C)cutting the foam ceramic insulation material and processing the foam ceramic insulation material. According to the invention, waste slag, waste stone flour or kaolin mine tailing are used for preparing the foam ceramic insulation material, the preparation has advantage of environmental protection, the foam ceramic insulation material has the advantages of uniform distribution of inner pores, low heat conduction coefficient, high intensity and light weight, and can be used as building fireproof, insulation and energy-saving material and other insulation energy saving industries.

The invention relates to a seedling growing method, in particular to a seedling growing method for Scotch pine in northern sandy area. The invention is characterized in that seed source is selected; the seeds are arranged in snow or warm water to carry out the bud forcing treatment till that the seeds bud; seedlings are sowed by a level seedbed; meanwhile, soil amendment is fertilized; furthermore, during the period of seedling management, the management is carried out according to different growing conditions of the young seedlings; during the initial growing period of the young seedling, the nursery bed is watered; the temperature of the nursery bed is kept within 8-25 DEG C and the humidity thereof achieves 50%-80% of the water content in the field; furthermore, bordeaux mixture with the mass concentration of 0.8%-1.0% is sprayed once every 5-7 days and then the clean water is sprayed to clean the seedling; during the high growing period of the young seedling, the fertilizer is fertilized again thrice; during the stem growing period of the seedlings, the water content in the field of the nursery bed is kept within 35%-60%; the phosphate fertilizer is fertilized on the leaf surfaces; meanwhile, the winter protection disposal is carried out, thus improving the quality of the survival rate of the seedlings, improving the survival rate of the forest by 33.1% and generating considerable economical and social benefits.

The invention provides a mixed bactericide for restoring places polluted by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of environment pollution restoration engineering. The strains used by the bactericide are Bordetella, Ochrobactrum, Rhodococcus, Achcromobacter, Herbaspirillum and Microbacterium which are mixed according to the ratio of 21-101:40-200:22-102:20-100:1:2 for fermentation to obtain a bacterial liquid, and the bacterial liquid is mixed with solid carriers according to the mass ratio of 0.5-1:1 to obtain a solid bactericide which has the effective living bacteria count of 108-1011 / g. The mixed bactericide in the invention can effectively remove polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons polluting soils and water, and has the advantages of high activity, rapid growth and propagation, strong adaptability, no generation of secondary pollution and the like.

The invention discloses a preparation method of fresh Dendrobium officinale preparation. The method comprises the following steps: fetching Dendrobium officinale, clearing and cleaning, disinfecting with ozone water, pulverizing, homogenizing, collecting juice, sieving, and obtaining a fresh Dendrobium officinale juice; conveying the fresh Dendrobium officinale juice into a single-effect condensing device for pressure reduction and condensation at 40-50 DEG C, and obtaining a concentrate with density of 1.04-1.08 g / ml; obtaining a fresh Dendrobium officinale powder by direct freeze drying of the concentrate; preparing a fresh Dendrobium officinale preparation from the fresh Dendrobium officinale powder. The invention has the advantages of simple step and easy operation, and the prepared product meets the standard with good stability. The ozone water disinfection technology and the freeze drying process can greatly reduce microbial population and keep various active effective components with heat sensitivity to the largest extent.

The invention relates to a medium production method of a soilless lawn adaptive to an arid area, which comprises the following steps of: 1) selecting cold-season lawn grass as seeds; 2) mixing slag and organic sludge composts in proportion to form a growth medium layer; 3) mixing leftovers obtained during mushroom production, sawdust and stalk powder in proportion, and sequentially adding water-retaining agent and slow release fertilizers to form a water-retaining nutritional slow release material layer; 4) laying a plastic mulching film on the ground as an isolating layer, and then laying a polypropylene sunshade net as the bottom layer of the lawn; 5) firstly laying the growth medium layer and then laying the water-retaining nutritional slow release material layer on the bottom layer ofthe lawn; 6) evenly sowing the seeds to form a seed layer and using lawn special non-woven fabrics to cover the seed layer to form a sprout protection layer, wherein the construction of a lawn bed iscompleted; 7) controlling the growth environment of the lawn bed; 8) watering everyday at a seedling stage to keep the surface of the lawn bed to be moist; and 9) conducting indicator determination after the lawn is formed. The medium production method of the soilless lawn adaptive to the arid area has the advantages of low raw material cost, reasonable structure, high water-retaining capacity and simple production method, and is suitable for climates in arid and semiarid areas.

The invention relates to a process for treating excess sludge by utilizing fly ash. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: 1, feeding excess sludge to be treated which has the water content of between 80 and 90 percent, and fly ash in an amount which is 20 to 50 percent based on the mass of the excess sludge into a mixing agitator; fully mixing and reacting for 5 to 15min; feeding into a plate and frame dehydrator for dehydration to obtain sludge of which the water content is reduced to be between 35 and 45 percent; crushing the sludge into coarse particles with the particle size of between 3 and 5mm by using a sludge granulation device; feeding the sludge particles into a solar drying room, and drying for 24 to 48h at the temperature of above 40 DEG C and under the humidity of below 15 percent to ensure that the water content of the sludge is reduced to between 8 and 15 percent; and treating by sludge pulverization equipment and a high-speed airflow collision technology, wherein the particle size of sludge powder is 150 to 300 meshes and the water content is 5 to 10 percent after the treatment. The method has the advantages that: interstitial water, adsorbed water and capillary bound water in the excess sludge are absorbed into the fly ash; due to the characteristic of high permeability coefficient of the fly ash, the water in the fly ash is easily discharged; and the secondary pollution to the environment is avoided by appropriately treating the excess sludge.

The invention relates to a silicon oxide sphere particle, in particular to a method for preparing a hollow nano silicon oxide sphere. In a bionic system with room temperature approximately neutral, the three block copolymer F1127 is taken as a structure guiding agent, the mutual interactions between hydrolytic oil-soluble silica resources and the three block copolymer F1127 and inorganic electrolytes are controlled, the hollow spherical particle is obtained by steps of the preparation of polymer micelle, hydrolytic polymerization of silica resources, hydrothermal crystallization, drying and extraction of the structure guiding agent; the size of the spherical particle is continuously adjusted in the range of between 10 and 20nm, and the thickness of a shell wall is continuously adjusted in the range of between 4 and 10nm. The synthesized nano hollow sphere has the advantages of big specific surface, big hole capacity, uniform particle size and good dispersibility of the particle, a multi-level structure formed between nano hollow spheres and high mechanical stability and thermal stability, etc.