A spanning type photovoltaic power generation system disclosed by the invention comprises at least two hanging groups, wherein the adjacent hanging groups are arranged in parallel; a plurality of photovoltaic panels which are arranged between the adjacent hanging groups, wherein each hanging group comprises two bases, two frame bodies, a cable and a plurality of connecting pieces, the two ends of the cable are connected to the frame bodies respectively, and the connecting pieces are arranged on the cable at intervals along the axis direction of the cable; the photovoltaic panels are connected to the cable through the connecting pieces, and the heights of the frame bodies located at the same end of the cable are set from low to high, so that the photovoltaic panels are inclined. The power generation system realizes the utilization of solar energy in the liquid environments, such as rivers, lakes, seas, reservoirs, etc., enlarges the application range of solar power generation, greatly improves the total amount of solar power generation, prevents the photovoltaic panels from being arranged in a crowd concentration area, reduces the light pollution caused by light reflection of the photovoltaic panels, and solves the problem that the solar energy in the liquid environments, such as rivers, lakes, seas, reservoirs, etc., is not effectively utilized.