The present invention provides an inorganic foaming thermal-insulation mortar and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building material preparation. The thermal-insulation mortar comprises a cementing material, expanded perlite particles, a macromolecule polymer, a coagulant, an early strength agent, a physical foaming agent, a chemical foaming agent hydrogen peroxide, a chemical foaming agent foaming catalyst, a hydrophobic agent, reinforced short fibers and water. According to the present invention, the inorganic foaming thermal-insulation mortar can be directly coated on the wall and the roof requiring the thermal-insulation treatment, the thickness of the inorganic thermal-insulation mortar layer can be adjusted within 10-100 mm, screeding finishing construction is performed before the cementing material is subjected to final setting, and hardening is performed to obtain the inorganic thermal-insulation mortar layer with characteristics of good durability, good water resistance and good heat insulation, wherein the inorganic thermal-insulation mortar layer never sheds, and has the same service life as the building being subjected to thermal-insulation by the inorganic thermal-insulation mortar layer; and the raw material cost is low, and significant economic benefits and environmental benefits are provided.