The invention belongs to the field of close-range photogrammetry and relates to a detecting and identifying method for an annular coding mark point. The method includes that first, canny edge detection is conducted on a collected image, an outline centroid is closed through a series of limiting conditions and calculation, and noise and non-coding mark points are filtered; then least square ellipse fitting is adopted, coding mark point location is conducted, an ellipse fitting error is combined to judge a partition coding mark point outline, and the outline is filled; finally, ALPC transformation for transforming a local concentric ellipse into parallel straight lines is provided, the ALPC transformation is conducted on the partitioned coding mark point, and transformed image characteristics are used for decoding. By means of the detecting and identifying method, location of the coding mark point can reach a sub pixel level, local shape characteristics of a concentric ellipse are transformed into shape characteristics of parallel straight lines which are easy to detect and calculate, coding mark point identifying speed is improved, and effects of an included angle of a camera optical axis and a coding mark point normal on the coding mark point identifying accuracy can be reduced.