The invention discloses a meter reading task execution method based on meter reading task instances. The invention belongs to the technical field of power. The method comprises the following steps: S1, generating a meter reading task instance: when a meter reading task instance generation module is started, reading and analyzing a meter reading task configuration file; generating a meter reading task in a memory, after the meter reading time reaches, combining the meter reading task with each meter to generate a plurality of meter reading task instances, wherein the meter reading task instances comprise information such as instance numbers, meter numbers, meter reading data items, instance starting time, instance expiration time, meter reading task instance states and priorities; S2, storage of meter reading task instances: enabling the meter reading task instance generation module to store the generated meter reading task instances into a meter reading task instance database for persistent storage, so that power failure or process restart loss is avoided, and S3, notification after meter reading task instance updating: after the meter reading task instance generation module generates new meter reading task instances, notifying the meter reading task instance execution module.