The invention provides a novel recombinant oncolytic adenovirus expressing human interleukin 15. Specifically, the gene promoter of a type 5 adenovirus E1 region is replaced with a transcription factor E2F-1 gene, and an hIL-15 gene is inserted to an E3 region to construct the recombinant oncolytic adenovirus. According to the invention, E2F-1 is used as the promoter to realize replication of virus specificity in tumor cells, and at the same time, loading of human IL-15 gene in a virogene E3 region can further enhance the anti-tumor effect of the virus. As the pRb/E2F pathway defects exist extensively in solid tumors, through the tumor resolving effect of the virus, a variety of tumor antigens from the individual itself can be acquired, and are not limited by antigen subcellular localization, thus being conducive to producing anti-tumor immune response with self tumor specificity, and having individualized and general treatment significance. In addition, the virus replication process drives the IL-15 gene expression, high concentration IL-15 can be obtained from a part of the virus-infected tumor cell, thereby being in favor of stimulating the activity of immune cells, activating the general immune response and strengthening the antitumor effect.