The invention provides an explainable graph neural
network method and
system based on evidence sub-graph extraction, which are used for improving the explainability and robustness of a
graph model while keeping the task prediction performance. In order to solve the problem that
information loss and shortcut residues are easily caused due to the fact that single-stage
decomposition is too rough in an existing graph evidence technology, the invention provides a two-step
decomposition and feature alignment graph evidence framework. According to the framework, firstly, an input graph is divided into an important sub-graph and a
noise sub-graph through a first
decomposition module, and it is ensured that the important sub-graph can independently complete tasks; on the basis, the second decomposition module further divides the important sub-graph into an evidence sub-graph and a shortcut sub-graph, so that shortcut associated information influencing the generalization ability of the model is eliminated, and an evidence structure supporting a prediction decision is obtained. Meanwhile, a feature
mask is introduced to carry out information compensation, and InfoNCE alignment loss between a
mask pattern and evidence representation is calculated, so that
information loss caused by multi-level decomposition is reduced. And finally realizing compact expression of the evidence sub-graph through sparsity constraint. The method can effectively obtain evidence sub-graph representation with strong discrimination ability, high robustness and high
interpretability, is suitable for tasks such as
graph classification, and can be deployed in application scenes such as judicial analysis and
drug discovery requiring high-credibility interpretation.