36 results about "Target concentration" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment control for anesthesia machine anesthetic gas output control, and discloses an anesthesia machine anesthetic gas output control system and method. The method comprises the following steps of: setting a control starting moment, initial and target concentrations, a rapid rising time length, a total time length and a middle and later stage slow change amplitude at one time before starting an anesthesia machine, and dividing the whole process into a rapid rising interval and a slow change interval; generating a concentration target according to a natural exponential function taking the rising time length as a time constant in the front stage, and obtaining a final value; a hyperbolic migration target slowly close to the target is constructed according to the target concentration, the slowly-changing amplitude and the rising duration in the rear section; and performing linear fusion on the final value and the hyperbolic target through a piecewise constant and time exponential decay weighting function to obtain a continuous and smooth target concentration curve, converting into a theoretical valve opening according to an anesthetic original concentration proportion, discretizing into an instruction opening in combination with an opening resolution, and forming a discrete control sequence in cooperation with fixed update time.

The invention discloses a sample self-relay method for laboratory real-time quality control and an automatic system, and belongs to the technical field of clinical laboratory automatic quality control. According to the method, an independent quality control cycle is established for a plurality of preset key concentrations, and a concentration-bias and concentration-inaccuracy mapping table is established based on historical quality control data. Independent counting is maintained for each target concentration, when the detection number reaches the length L of the current analysis batch, quality control is automatically triggered, two patient samples with the concentrations meeting the requirements are screened from the current detection batch to serve as a self-relay quality control sample pair, and judgment is conducted according to the rule of 1-3 s after returning and re-detection. And meanwhile, querying a mapping table according to the actual concentration of the sample to calculate a sigma value, querying a preset sigma-L mapping table based on the sigma value, and dynamically updating the next analysis batch length of the target concentration. Each cycle operates independently and asynchronously to form a closed loop, so that accurate, automatic and real-time quality control of different concentrations and different frequencies is realized, and the implementation bottleneck of personalized 6 sigma quality control in cost and reliability is overcome.

The invention discloses a Toci full-spectrum anion truth value monitoring method, system, equipment and medium, and relates to the technical field of chemical analysis. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a response signal in a target water sample, drawing a background response peak and a target response peak by taking time as an abscissa axis and the response signal as a ordinate axis, acquiring a peak shape parameter of the background response peak, calculating a difference value between the peak shape parameter and a preset reference peak shape parameter, converting the difference value into a feature correction instruction, and correcting the feature correction instruction according to the difference value. The first peak area of the real response peak is calculated; the initial concentration of target anions is obtained according to the first peak area; the background concentration of background anions is obtained; the concentration adjustment coefficient is calculated according to the background concentration; the target concentration of the target anions is obtained. By implementing the technical scheme provided by the invention, the effect of improving the accuracy of monitoring the target anions is achieved.

The invention provides a continuous semi-quantitative immunochromatography method. The continuous semi-quantitative immunochromatography method comprises the following steps: carrying out immunochromatography by using immunochromatography test paper; and after the chromatography is completed, performing semi-quantitative reading on the result. The test paper comprises a sample pad, a marking pad, an immunochromatography membrane and a water absorption pad which are sequentially connected, a binding area is arranged on the immunochromatography membrane, the binding area is a reaction area continuously arranged in the chromatography direction, and the binding area is used for carrying out specific reaction with a target object in a sample to be detected and generating a color developing band; the binding area is provided with a scale line corresponding to the known concentration of a target object, and is used for realizing continuous semi-quantitative detection of the concentration of the target object by comparing the length of the color developing tape in the binding area with the scale line. According to the method, the result is directly subjected to semi-quantitative reading through naked eyes, and continuous semi-quantitative detection on the to-be-detected substance can be realized quickly, simply and efficiently.

The invention discloses a laser anti-freezing solution concentration adjusting method and device, computer equipment and a laser system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current concentration of an anti-freezing solution in a circulating system; the circulating system is a flowing system formed after the laser is connected with the cooling-water machine and water in the laser is fully mixed with an anti-freezing solution in the cooling-water machine; comparing the current concentration with a target concentration of a laser anti-freezing test to obtain a comparison result, and judging whether a preset concentration adjusting condition is met or not based on the comparison result; when the comparison result meets the preset concentration adjusting condition, the circulation system is controlled to discharge part of the anti-freezing solution, and the standard anti-freezing solution with the same volume is supplemented to the circulation system so that the concentration of the anti-freezing solution can reach the target concentration. Waste of the anti-freezing solution can be reduced, the cost is reduced, the reliability of the test result is improved, and the test requirements of the laser for different environments are met. The invention further discloses a laser anti-freezing test anti-freezing solution concentration adjusting device, computer equipment and a storage medium.

The present application relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to an automatic control and regulation dosing method and system for oil well, which comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of temperature sensors on the oil conveying pipeline in the oil well to collect data points; clustering all the data points to obtain the category labels of all the data points, connecting based on the obtained category label sequence in spatial order, and outputting M continuous dosing sections in space; collecting the wax deposition characteristic parameters of the first dosing section, inputting the obtained wax deposition characteristic parameters into a pre-constructed wax inhibitor concentration demand prediction model, and outputting the wax inhibitor concentration demand of the first dosing section. According to the present application, the wax inhibitor dosage is accurately controlled according to the actual flow state and temperature distribution of the oil body, so that the medicament is fully mixed in the pipeline and reaches the target concentration, the local dosing deficiency or waste is avoided, and the wax prevention effect and the drug economy are significantly improved.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for adjusting the concentration of a chemical solution that allows for high-precision concentration adjustment with fewer control items and without requiring a long time for adjustment. [Solution] The concentration adjustment method is a method for adjusting a chemical solution of a predetermined concentration by mixing a stock solution containing any component with pure water, and includes the steps of: (A) mixing a predetermined amount of stock solution and pure water to obtain a mixed solution with a concentration in the range of 50% to 200% of a preset target concentration; (B) stirring the obtained mixed solution for a predetermined time and measuring the conductivity and liquid temperature of the mixed solution in the system to obtain a concentration value; and (C) calculating the amount of stock solution or pure water required to make the concentration value obtained in step (B) the median concentration between the concentration value and the target concentration, and supplying the calculated amount of stock solution or pure water to the mixed solution, and repeating steps (B) and (C) until the obtained concentration value is within a predetermined range of the preset target concentration.

According to the remazolam target control infusion analysis method and system, a three-chamber model is adopted to construct an individualized pharmacokinetic model, and plasma concentration response of unit dose of remazolam is characterized through the individualized pharmacokinetic model; constructing an infusion pump control model, wherein the infusion pump control model characterizes the plasma drug concentration through a time function; defining a state variable for the infusion pump control model, and calculating the plasma drug concentration state variable at the moment t + delta t according to the plasma drug concentration state variable at the current moment t and the drug infusion amount within the interval from the current moment t to the moment t + delta t; and the infusion pump control model determines the medicine infusion rate required for the plasma medicine concentration to reach the target concentration CT according to the plasma medicine concentration state variable at the current moment t and the plasma medicine concentration state variable at the moment t + delta t. Individual medication can be achieved, cardiovascular adverse events of a patient are reduced, and a comfortable and safe infusion scheme is provided for the patient.

The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to an oil well automatic regulation and control dosing method and system, and the method comprises the steps: arranging a plurality of temperature sensors on an oil pipeline in an oil well, and collecting data points; clustering all the data points to obtain category labels of all the data points, communicating according to a spatial sequence based on an obtained category label sequence, and outputting M spatially continuous dosing segments; and acquiring wax precipitation characteristic parameters of the first dosing section, inputting the acquired wax precipitation characteristic parameters into a pre-constructed wax inhibitor concentration demand prediction model, and outputting the wax inhibitor concentration demand of the first dosing section. According to the invention, the addition amount of the wax inhibitor is accurately controlled according to the actual flowing state and temperature distribution of the oil body, so that the agent is fully mixed in the pipeline and reaches the target concentration, insufficient or waste of local agent addition is avoided, and the wax inhibition effect and the drug use economy are obviously improved.

The invention discloses a hot galvanizing square and rectangular tube processing plating assistant solvent circulation and concentration monitoring method, which belongs to the technical field of plating assistant solvent detection, and comprises the following steps: obtaining specification parameters of a to-be-treated square and rectangular tube; performing multi-point and multi-parameter real-time online monitoring on the plating assistant solvent, generating real-time solvent state data, matching and determining a target concentration threshold value from a preset process parameter library in which process knowledge is stored, performing comparative analysis on the real-time solvent state data and the target concentration threshold value, and generating a concentration adjusting instruction for adjusting the components of the plating assistant solvent; and according to the concentration adjusting instruction, controlling an execution part for circulating and liquid supplementing to dynamically adjust the components of the plating assisting solvent. The chemical and physical performance parameters of the plating assistant solvent are measured through multipoint multi-parameter real-time online monitoring and process parameter library dynamic matching, self-adaptive closed-loop control over components of the plating assistant solvent can be achieved, and therefore the quality of galvanized products is guaranteed and improved.

In a method for the spectral analysis of a liquid mixture of substances consisting of known individual substances, a reference spectrum for the mixture is provided. This reference spectrum represents a target state of the mixture in which each individual substance is present at a target concentration. An actual spectrum of the liquid mixture to be analyzed is then generated. Finally, the concentrations of the individual substances in the mixture are determined based on an approximate spectral composition of the actual spectrum, derived from known pure spectra of the known individual substances and at least one compensation spectrum.

The invention relates to the field of molecular detection, in particular to a target concentration detection method and detection equipment based on magnetic micro-cantilever nano-mechanical sensing. The target object is detected through a competitive mechanism formed when the target object and the magnetic nanoparticles are combined with the probe on the micro-cantilever beam, due to the competitive relation between target molecules on the experiment beam and the magnetic particles, the number difference of the magnetic particles on the experiment beam and the number difference of the magnetic particles on the contrast beam are caused, and under the action of the magnetic field device, the detection accuracy is improved. A micro-cantilever sensor light path combined with an optical lever principle detects the deflection change of a micro-cantilever due to the acting force of a magnetic field, so that the ultra-sensitive detection of an ultra-micro sample micromolecule target is realized, and the problems that the sensitivity to a sample with extremely low target substance concentration is insufficient and micromolecules cannot be detected in the prior art are solved; and a novel rapid, accurate and effective detection method is provided for detection of some target objects with high detection limit requirements and low sample size.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical sample examination, and discloses an automatic dilution method, system and equipment for a cerebrospinal fluid oligonucleotide electrophoresis experiment sample, and the method comprises the following steps: calculating a total dilution ratio according to the concentration of the sample and the upper limit of a target concentration range; the total liquid amount is calculated based on the liquid amount of the sample application comb and the number of multiple holes; when the total dilution ratio is greater than a preset value, gradient dilution is carried out, otherwise, single-stage dilution is carried out; the gradient dilution step comprises the following steps: decomposing the total dilution ratio into a first dilution ratio and a second dilution ratio; calculating a first specimen liquid absorption amount and a first diluent liquid absorption amount according to the total liquid amount and the first dilution ratio; calculating a second specimen liquid absorption amount and a second diluent liquid absorption amount according to the total liquid amount and a second dilution ratio; the step of single-stage dilution comprises the step of calculating the liquid absorption amount of a third specimen and the liquid absorption amount of a third diluent according to the total liquid amount and the total dilution ratio. The concentration of the diluted sample can be accurately regulated and controlled, and the reliability of medical sample examination is improved.

This disclosure relates to determining a personalized dose of a pharmaceutical for an individual. First data representative of one or more characteristics of the individual prior to administration of the pharmaceutical is received, and second data representative of a measurement of a physiological parameter of the individual after administration of the pharmaceutical is received. A computational model having pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic components is used to generate a first target concentration and one or more first doses determined to likely achieve the first target concentration for the pharmaceutical. The computational model is updated to reflect the measurement of the physiological parameter. A second target concentration and one or more second doses determined to likely achieve the second target concentration are generated, wherein the update to the pharmacodynamic component of the computational model is used to predict that the second target concentration will have a therapeutic effect on the individual.

The invention belongs to the technical field of immunodetection, and particularly relates to an immunochromatography test strip capable of eliminating HOOK effect and realizing naked eye semi-quantification and a preparation method of the immunochromatography test strip. The test strip is provided with a T1 detection line and a T2 detection line which are respectively coated with a to-be-detected substance and a specific recognition substance of the to-be-detected substance. Interpretation and semi-quantification are performed according to a developing result of T2 / T1: in a blank sample, T2 (-) / T1 (+) is negative; in a low-concentration sample, T2 (+) / T1 (+) is positive; for a high-concentration sample, T2 (strong +) / T1 (-) is strongly positive; over-high sample concentration, T2 (weak or no) / T1 (-) indicates the false negative risk caused by the HOOK effect. The concentration of the object to be detected is T2 (-) / T1 (+) when being smaller than the target concentration 1, is T2 (+) / T1 (+) when being between the target concentration 1 and the target concentration 2, is T2 (+) / T1 (-) when being between the target concentration 2 and the target concentration 3, and is T2 (-) / T1 (-) when being larger than the target concentration 3.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and discloses a perfusate concentration control device for low-temperature preservation of organs. The device comprises a main controller, a diluent storage tank, a high-concentration liquid storage tank, a peristaltic pump, an injection pump, an electromagnetic valve group, a flow detection unit, an oxygenator, a temperature sensor, a heating and cooling module, a pressure sensor, a bubble sensor, an oxyhemoglobin saturation sensor and an organ bin. The double peristaltic pumps operate orthogonally at the 180-degree phase difference, and flow pulsation is eliminated; the continuous and precise conveying of high-concentration solute is realized by adopting a double-injection-pump alternative liquid supplementing and outputting mode; and the rotating speed of each pump is adjusted through a closed-loop feedback algorithm, so that stepless, continuous and accurate output of any target concentration from zero to the concentration of the stock solution is realized. The osmotic pressure concentration can be adjusted according to the needs of organ preservation, oxygenation, temperature control, pressure monitoring and multi-parameter safety detection functions are integrated, the stability of the physiological parameters of perfusate can be maintained, and the organ preservation damage is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of gel preparation and treatment, in particular to a cross-linked sodium hyaluronate reaction device and an oxygen real-time regulation and control system, and the reference reaction process of the current reaction process is obtained by analyzing the similar situation of initial parameters of reaction materials in the historical reaction process; further comprehensively determining the reference change rate of the dissolved oxygen concentration in the current reaction process by taking the fluctuation and attenuation conditions of the dissolved oxygen in the historical deoxidation stage of each reference reaction process as reference; after the dissolved oxygen concentration in the current reaction process is reduced to the target concentration based on the reference change rate, a corresponding parameter adjustment value is determined based on numerical fluctuation and fluctuation deviation of each oxygen influence parameter in the concentration abnormal time period; therefore, various oxygen influence parameters are adjusted based on the parameter adjustment values, so that the oxygen concentration is indirectly regulated and controlled, and the accuracy of oxygen regulation and control is higher.

Provided herein are systems and methods for optimizing a biological therapy regimen for a subject. The subject may be a patient diagnosed with an immune mediated inflammatory disease. In some embodiments, the systems and methods may involve inputting patient data into a model to forecast a drug concentration level in a patient and establish a dosing regimen for maintaining a pre-specified threshold drug concentration level in the patient. The pre-specified threshold may be a target concentration level for effective treatment of the immune mediated inflammatory disease in the patient.

The invention relates to a ventilation system and a ventilation method for the artificial ventilation of a patient. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control arrangement and a control method for controlling a ventilation arrangement belonging to the ventilation system. An anesthetic dosing component (38) provides an anesthetic gas mixture (Ng) with a calculated target concentration (con req ) ready. A ventilator (12) delivers a breathable gas mixture with the anesthetic gas mixture (Ng) to a patient-side coupling unit. The target concentration (con req ) is calculated such that it is at most equal to an upper concentration barrier (con max ) is. The upper concentration barrier (con max The risk of condensation increases with the temperature in the anesthetic dosing unit (38), the ventilator (12), and / or the surrounding environment. The invention reduces the risk of anesthetic condensation.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical control, and discloses an anesthesia assisting method for promoting postoperative rapid recovery, which comprises the following steps: constructing a basic pharmacokinetic model for a selected anesthetic; intraoperative multi-modal data of a patient are collected in real time; calculating a temperature-metabolism correction coefficient based on the thermodynamic data, and calculating a volume-dilution correction coefficient based on the hemodynamic data; correcting the basic plasma clearance rate in real time by using the temperature-metabolism correction coefficient, and correcting the basic central ventricle distribution volume in real time by using the volume-dilution correction coefficient; the corrected plasma clearance rate and the corrected central ventricle distribution volume are substituted into the basic pharmacokinetic model, and the medicine infusion rate needed for maintaining the preset target concentration is calculated. According to the method, the parameters of the pharmacokinetic model are dynamically corrected according to the real-time thermal dynamics and hemodynamics data, medicine accumulation is effectively avoided, and the postoperative awakening time is shortened.

The present disclosure describes embodiments of a computer-implemented method for controlling an anesthetic fluid flow executed on a computer unit and a system, computer-readable media, and computer program associated with the execution of said method. In the method, an input data packet including demographic data and physiological data of a user, and target concentration data is received. Further, the method obtains a first value of a configuration data with a pharmacokinetic processing method from the input data packet. Also, the first configuration data in the method is entered into an anesthetic fluid infusion pump, and a status data is received from an instrumentation system. The status data includes records of at least one variable associated with the anesthetic status and brain condition of the patient. Additionally, the method takes into account a threshold range that is obtained from a pharmacodynamic processing method. Furthermore, the method has a step of obtaining a second setting data value by performing a control process that selectively takes as input the first setting data value, the state data, and the threshold, and performs a PID control method and / or a fuzzy control method to get the second value of the configuration data. Then, the configuration data with the second value is sent to the anesthetic fluid infusion pump to modify its flow conditions. The method iterates the stages in which the setting data value is recalculated based on the state of the user under anesthesia.

The invention relates to an industrial parameter control method and device fusing judgment feedback, equipment and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a plurality of concentration measurement values of a measured liquid in an online concentration meter, and determining a current concentration value under the condition that the concentration measurement values meet the stability requirement of concentration measurement data; calculating a concentration error value according to the current concentration value and a preset target concentration value, and triggering a main material correction message when the concentration error value reaches a preset error range; obtaining the current liquid weight according to the main material correction message, and calculating the main material compensation amount according to the concentration error value and the liquid weight; and controlling the feeder to feed according to the main material compensation amount. The method has the effect of improving the liquid concentration regulation and control efficiency.

The present application relates to the technical field of gel preparation processing, in particular to a cross-linked sodium hyaluronate reaction device and an oxygen real-time regulation system, which obtains a reference reaction process of a current reaction process by analyzing the initial parameter similarity of reactants in the historical reaction process; further, the reference change rate of the dissolved oxygen concentration of the current reaction process is comprehensively determined by taking the fluctuation and attenuation of the dissolved oxygen in the historical deoxygenation stage of each reference reaction process as a reference; after the dissolved oxygen concentration of the current reaction process is reduced to a target concentration based on the reference change rate, the corresponding parameter adjustment value is determined based on the numerical fluctuation and fluctuation deviation of each oxygen influencing parameter in the concentration abnormal period; thereby, the adjustment of various oxygen influencing parameters is carried out based on the parameter adjustment value, so as to indirectly regulate the oxygen concentration, and the accuracy of oxygen regulation is higher.

In a method for spectral analysis of a liquid substance mixture consisting of pre-known individual substances, a reference spectrum for the substance mixture is provided, wherein the reference spectrum represents a target state of the substance mixture in which each individual substance is contained in a target concentration. An actual spectrum of the liquid substance mixture to be analysed is created. Finally, concentrations of the individual substances in the substance mixture are determined on the basis of an approximate spectral composition of the actual spectrum from pre-known pure spectra of the pre-known individual substances and at least one compensation spectrum.

The application discloses a Toci full-spectrum anion true value monitoring method, system, device and medium, and relates to the technical field of chemical analysis. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a response signal in a target water sample; taking time as a horizontal coordinate axis and the response signal as a vertical coordinate axis; drawing a background response peak and a target response peak; acquiring a peak shape parameter of the background response peak; calculating a difference value between the peak shape parameter and a preset reference peak shape parameter; converting the difference value into a feature correction instruction; compensating the target response peak based on the feature correction instruction to obtain a true response peak; calculating a first peak area of the true response peak; obtaining an initial concentration of a target anion according to the first peak area; acquiring a background concentration of a background anion; calculating a concentration adjustment coefficient according to the background concentration; multiplying the initial concentration and the concentration adjustment coefficient to obtain a target concentration of the target anion. The technical scheme provided by the application can improve the accuracy of monitoring the target anion.

The invention provides a depressive disorder assessment method, system and device and a storage medium thereof, and relates to the technical field of in-vitro diagnosis. The evaluation method comprises the following steps: acquiring characteristic data representing a biochemical sample of a subject; the characteristic data is the target concentration of the marker or the target concentration of the marker after standardization processing; the marker at least comprises 25-OH VD; and obtaining an evaluation result indicating whether the depressive disorder risk of the subject exists or not according to the characteristic data. According to the evaluation method, the concentration data of the specific objective marker is utilized, calculation is carried out through the preset diagnosis model, and the subjective defect of traditional evaluation is overcome. According to the method, an accurate, quantifiable and high-accuracy evaluation result is provided, the core problem that the prior art is lack of universality is solved, and verification shows that the method has strong generalization ability and can provide a unified objective diagnosis basis for patients with different characteristics.

The invention provides a method for determining related substances in a vitamin B6 drug, which comprises the following steps: dissolving a vitamin B6 drug sample in a prefabricated solution in a dark environment, filtering, and diluting to a target concentration interval to obtain a sample solution; placing the blank solvent, the contrast solution and the sample solution in a chromatographic column, introducing the mobile phase A and the mobile phase B, and sequentially carrying out gradient elution to obtain a chromatogram; and identifying and separating impurity chromatographic peaks in the chromatogram, performing quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis on each impurity chromatographic peak, and calculating the content proportion of each impurity chromatographic peak relative to the main chromatographic peak of the vitamin B6. Through collaborative design of the sample pretreatment state, the gradient elution path and the peak interpretation mode, known impurities and unknown impurities in the vitamin B6 medicine are in a separable state before entering a chromatographic system, and are fully expanded in the chromatographic separation process, so that accurate identification and effective separation of various impurities are realized.

The invention discloses a remote sensing water quality inversion method, system and equipment based on self-supervised learning, and relates to the field of water quality monitoring. Firstly, a water body reflectivity wave band is extracted from a remote sensing image after atmospheric correction, and target combination characteristics are constructed based on water body spectral characteristics; the input target combination features are mapped into conditional distribution in a potential space through a variational auto-encoder, and potential variables are obtained; and fitting a nonlinear relationship between the potential variable and the target concentration value through a multilayer perceptron to obtain the target concentration value. According to the method, the output latent variables are supervised and learned through the multi-layer perceptron, the nonlinear mapping relation between the remote sensing features and the chlorophyll a concentration is established, good fitting precision and sample sparseness resistance are achieved, the model has better universality, and the applicability of the model in different water environments is greatly improved.

A system for programming infusion devices for target controlled infusion is disclosed. The system includes a docking station and one or more processors configured to determine a first infusion device docked with a docking station and accept user input of one or more of patient-specific parameters, drug-related parameters, and a desired target concentration of a therapeutic agent in a workflow on the first infusion device for programming a target controlled infusion (TCI) therapy. After receiving a particular set of parameters, the set of parameters can be copied to the second infusion device to pre-complete and bypass a number of workflow steps of a second workflow of another infusion device. When the second workflow is accessed, the number of workflow steps of the second graphical interface workflow are pre-completed and bypassed.

A ventilation system and a ventilation process artificially ventilate a patient. A control arrangement and a control process control a ventilation arrangement belonging to the ventilation system. An anesthetic dispenser unit (38) provides an anesthetic gas mixture (Ng) with a predetermined target concentration (conreq) of an anesthetic (Nm). A ventilator (12) conveys a breathable gas mixture with the anesthetic gas mixture (Ng) to a patient-side coupling unit. The target concentration (conreq) is specified so that it is at most equal to a calculated upper concentration threshold (conmax). The higher the temperature in the anesthetic dispenser unit (38), in the ventilator (12) and / or in an environment, the greater is the upper concentration threshold (conmax). The risk of anesthetic (Nm) condensing is reduced.