The invention provides a phosphorus pentoxide transportation protection barrel. The phosphorus pentoxide transportation protection barrel comprises a cover, a shell, a storage chamber, a filling chamber, handles, grooves, a barrel opening, an inner wall groove, columns, circular openings, upper clamping blocks, lower clamping blocks, bearing columns, magnets, an annular groove, an upper annular bayonet, a lower annular bayonet, upper objects, concave bayonets, lower objects and springs. When in use, the cover with the annular groove inside is arranged, and the annular groove is just clamped with the columns, so that when the cover is rotationally connected to the shell through the inner wall groove, the columns are clamped in the annular groove, the storage chamber is thus sealed, and pollution caused by moisture entering the storage chamber can be prevented; and the columns in annular structure are arranged, and the circular openings inside the columns are just clamped with the bearing columns, so that the movement of the bearing columns is stabilized, and the dislocation of the receiving post is prevented from affecting reinforcement.