The invention provides a freight car detection device based on large data, and relates to the computer large data field; with use of the freight car detection device, the speed, weight, driving time and other information data of a vehicle are uploaded through network, the data are analyzed and managed through a cloud server, the managed result data are compared with vehicle safety data, and whether overspeed, overloading, fatigue driving and other problems of the vehicle exist is judge; then the cloud server sends illegal information to relevant departments, to facilitate to do relevant penalties on the illegal vehicle, therefore, the probability of accident happening due to vehicle overloading and fatigue driving is greatly reduced.