The invention discloses a system for collecting and utilizing road surface rainwater. The system comprises water pump adapters, a sidewalk for the blind, a sidewalk, a cover plate of the sidewalk, efficient water draining curbstones and a sewer, wherein the sidewalk and the sidewalk for the blind cover the sewer, the cover plate of the sidewalk and the sewer penetrate through the whole road length, supporting wire frames are vertically mounted on the sewer along the road length, primary purifying pools are arranged under the sewer, water storing pools are arranged under the primary purifying pools, two water intakes are formed in the water pump adapters, the two water intakes are respectively connected with the primary purifying pools and the water storing pools through communicating pipes, floating ball devices are mounted in the primary purifying pools and the water storing pools, the primary purifying pools and the water storing pools, which are in upper-lower arrangement are connected vertically, multi-layer filtering layers are arranged at the vertical connecting positions and are used for purifying water. The system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being simple in structure, multiple in functions, high in utilizing rate of rainwater, and obvious in water saving effect, and can be widely applied to road rainwater collection.