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This utility model belongs to the technical field of plastic extrusion equipment, and provides a material shortage alarm device for extruders based on photoelectric sensing. It includes a photoelectric sensing module comprising an infrared transmitter and a receiver installed on both sides of the feed inlet of the extruder hopper. The receiver detects changes in light intensity emitted by the infrared transmitter and converts them into electrical signals. At least one of the infrared transmitter and the receiver is inclined. Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this utility model are that it uses non-contact photoelectric detection technology to avoid the problems of traditional mechanical wear, and the inclined installation facilitates the natural descent of materials by gravity, reducing blind spots. Combined with an external high-temperature resistant transparent protective cover with an anti-stick coating to prevent molten plastic from adhering and affecting light transmittance, the complementary structure of these two components improves the stability, environmental adaptability, and flexibility of the device's installation structure.