The invention relates to a prestress rubber earthquake isolation support and belongs to the field of structural earthquake isolation control. The tensile prestress rubber earthquake isolation support consists of upper and lower connecting steel plates, an internal thin steel plate, an internal rubber layer, a prestress steel strand and an anchorage device. The internal thin steel plate and the internal rubber layer are alternately overlapped; and the internal thin steel plate, the internal rubber layer and an external rubber protective layer are connected with the upper and lower connecting steel plates by high-temperature and high-pressure vulcanization, and the internal prestress steel stand is connected with the upper and lower connecting plates by the anchorage device. In the prestress rubber support, the insufficient tensile strength is compensated by the large tensile pressure bearing capacity of the rubber support; and before the support bears a service load, a pressure stress is applied in advanced, so that the support, in high-level earthquake, maintains a pressed or low-tensile stress state for ensuring the safety of a earthquake isolation structure system. The support has a simple structure, applies a clear earthquake isolation mechanism and is suitable for earthquake isolation control of large structures with high earthquake-resistance requirements, such as high-rise buildings, tower structures and large-span bridges.