The invention relates to a modification scheme decision-making system and method for a bituminous pavement, and belongs to the field of pavement maintenance technologies. According to the system, based on a B/S structure, a pavement structure strength index (PSSI), a pavement riding quality index (RQI), a pavement crack index (PCI) and a pavement rut depth index (RDI) serve as control indexes, a rut depth (RD), a friction coefficient (SFC), a crack rate (CR) and a functional damage rate (FDR) serve as single-value triggering indexes, a negative index model, a modification S model and a structure behavior model are adopted for the system, a user can designate model parameters according to needs to achieve different prediction effects, maintenance history and performance index prediction are combined to be analyzed, and detection data of the pavement over the years are uniformly stored in a lane-division mode. The minimum length unit for evaluating the performance of the pavement is 200 m, in this way, the resolution ratio of original state evaluation of the pavement is increased, a basis is provided for refining a maintenance design, and the function of displaying path, region and road segment basic information is achieved.