The invention discloses a balanced flow distribution model based BRT passenger trip benefit optimization method. The balanced flow allocation model based BRT passenger trip benefit optimization method comprises the steps that 1, a research object and a research range are selected, and relevant basic information is acquired; 2, the passenger demand characteristics are analyzed: a passenger classification concept meeting passenger OD demands is proposed, a distributable passenger flow and a non-distributable passenger flow are divided, and station passenger flow characteristics are analyzed; 3, a distribution principle is determined: the characteristics of different types of passengers are considered to determine the distribution principle; 4, optimization is performed under constraint conditions: passenger riding time cost, delay time cost, the congestion cost and relevant constraint conditions are considered to determine a target function, and a corresponding optimization algorithm is designed to output an optimal plane. The balanced flow distribution model based BRT passenger trip benefit optimization method fully considers the passenger riding time cost, delay waiting time cost and the total congestion cost based on the passenger trip characteristics, determines a passenger flow distribution scheme according to maximized passenger trip benefits and effectively improves the passenger trip satisfaction and the service quality of a BRT system.