This invention relates to a distribution network fault detection method based on the generalized S-transform with variable factors, belonging to the field of distribution network fault detection technology. This invention obtains data such as time-
frequency spectrum and transient energy through the generalized S-transform with variable factors, and constructs three line selection criteria: a comprehensive similarity coefficient of time-
frequency spectrum, peak transient energy, and relative entropy of transient energy. Combining this with D-S evidence theory, it achieves multi-criteria fusion, enabling comprehensive analysis of line selection results based on
multiple criteria, resulting in more accurate line selection. This invention can accurately select lines under different fault distances, fault lines, fault initial angles, fault grounding resistances, and
noise environments, exhibiting good adaptability, sensitivity, and anti-interference capabilities. This invention converts the calculated transient energy characteristics into a confidence allocation function to construct evidence combinations, using different fault feature quantities to measure the confidence level and construct line selection criteria, thereby complementing and fusing them to obtain more accurate line selection results.