The invention discloses a hand fine motion ability testing and training device, which is composed of an arm bracket, a hand bracket, a force sensor, a programmed resistance source, a control box, a supporting table top, evaluation analysis software and the like. During testing, in order to prevent action compensation, an arm of a subject is tied to the arm bracket and a palm is tied to the hand bracket, a single finger or multiple fingers of the subject autonomously pull the knot at the stress application tail end and the wrist rotates leftwards and rightwards to obtain change signals of the force sensor, an angle sensor and traction rope length respectively, and the change signals are transmitted to the evaluation analysis software and can be used for quantitatively evaluating the motionability of wrist joints and finger joints of the subject, so that evaluation of the hand fine motion ability test is achieved. During rehabilitation training, a subject does actions with the same testposition, and the resistance output by the resistance source is adjusted, so that the finger joints and the wrist joints of the subject receive different degrees of resistance in the motion process,and the resistance training effect is achieved.