The invention relates to an installation tool special for a belt pulley in a vertical lathe. The installation tool special for the belt pulley in the vertical latheis characterized by comprising a motor, a reducer, a first bearing assembly, a bearing sleeve, a second bearing assembly, the belt pulley, a clamping device, a fastening device, a main shaft and an adjusting block; a driving device of the installation tool is the servo motor, a power output shaft of the motor is connected with the reducer and then connected with the main shaft, the main shaft is provided with the first bearing assembly and the second bearing assembly, and the bearing sleeve is arranged outside the bearing assemblies; and the adjusting block is arranged between the first bearing assembly and the second bearing assembly, a center shaft of the belt pulley is installed at the most front end of the main shaft, and the fastening device and the clamping device for clamping the belt pulley are arranged at the upper end of the main shaft. The installation tool special for the belt pulley in the vertical lathe has the beneficial effects that the transmission efficiency is high, energy losses generated by friction are avoided, hard impact cannot be generated between parts, the service life of the parts is long, dust and noise cannot be generated in the motion process, the structure is simple, design is reasonable, and rapid installation is achieved.