The invention discloses an underground water signal decomposition method capable of eliminating mode aliasing. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, solving median points in all adjacent extreme points in the underground water signal, and directly utilizing the median points to fit a medina point envelope curve; then, solving time intervals among all adjacent extreme points, arranging the time intervals according to a small to large sequence, and taking one value before transform as a current requirement to take a maximum time interval of the mode when a transform rate of the time intervals exceeds a minimum mode dividing point; then, taking the maximum time interval as a boundary to replace a fitting curve part which is greater than the boundary and is contained between a maximum value and a minimum value with an original signal curve, judging whether a mode decomposition terminal condition is met or not ,if the mode decomposition terminal condition is met, finishing the decomposition of one mode signal, and otherwise, returning to the first step to carry out a repeated iterative operation. The underground water signal decomposition method favorably eliminates a mode aliasing phenomenon of EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) and EEMD (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition) and can carry out effective and accurate analysis on a detected underground water signal.