The invention belongs to the field of accurate positioning transmission mechanisms, and particularly relates to a multipurpose quick-change positioning device with a limiting function. The multipurpose quick-change positioning device comprises a tubular guide support and a conical mandrel sleeved with the guide support, wherein the diameter of one end of the conical mandrel is larger than that of the guide support, the other end of the conical mandrel extends out of the guide support, conical guide blocks are arranged on the outer side of the guide support, guide holes used for containing the conical guide blocks are formed in the guide support, the conical guide blocks and the conical mandrel are matched in a contact manner, the conical guide blocks are annularly and evenly distributed on the guide support, and an locking outer ring sleeves the periphery of the conical guide blocks. By the adoption of a multi-set combined structure, rapid locking and positioning can be achieved, modular assembling and disassembling can be achieved conveniently, the installation precision can be guaranteed, and interchangeable replacement can be conducted. The working efficiency is greatly improved, the multipurpose quick-change positioning device can be suitable for various working conditions, the shaft hole positioning precision is guaranteed, and meanwhile enough structural rigidity is achieved.