The invention discloses an FPGA-based neural network calculator generation method and device. The method comprises the steps of determining a dependency relationship of each network layer in a neuralnetwork; grouping the network layers, wherein the dependency relationship of the network layers in each group are the same; determining the size of an array block required by each group; and deployingand deploying the FPGA according to the dependency relationship of the network layer in each group and the size of the array block required by each group so as to obtain the calculator of the neuralnetwork. According to the method, network layers which do not depend on each other (i.e., have the same dependency relationship) are divided into one group by analyzing the dependency relationship ofthe neural network, so that parallel computing can be realized in the array blocks allocated to the network layers, the critical path length is effectively shortened, and the computing efficiency is improved. In addition, the positions of the array blocks required by each group are arranged on the FPGA according to the dependency relationship, so that data exchange between arrays can be reduced, and the calculation efficiency is further improved.