The invention relates to a portable ultrasonic thickness gauge which comprises a main body, a cable and a probe and further comprises a winding and unwinding mechanism and a preprocessing mechanism. The winding and unwinding mechanism comprises a first motor, a driving shaft, a guiding ring and a guiding assembly. The guiding assembly comprises a lead screw, a triggering rod, a guiding rod, a driving sleeve, a transmission sleeve, a connecting lantern ring, a fourth magnet, a support, a first gear, a third gear, a driving unit, a moving sleeve, two connecting sleeves and two third magnets. Thepreprocessing mechanism comprises a driving assembly, a reinforcing lantern ring, a cleaning brush, a power sleeve, a fifth gear and two connecting assemblies. According to the portable ultrasonic thickness gauge, the cable can be wound to the driving shaft through the winding and unwinding mechanism, and thus the storage convenient level of the ultrasonic thickness gauge is increased; and the cleaning brush can be driven to rotate through the preprocessing mechanism, then the surface of a detected object is cleared through the cleaning brush, and thus the probability of breakdown occurring to the probe is decreased.