The invention relates to a dirt self-checking method of a digital camera image sensor based on retina perception, which comprises the following steps of: 1, placing a pure color object in front of a digital camera lens, and photographing to obtain image data of a frame of RGB channel; 2, reading image data and carrying out graying by a priori method; 3, setting a convolution kernel, and carrying out convolution-based mean value downsampling; 4, performing convolution calculation and retina perception-based self-quotient image calculation to obtain data in a floating point form; 5, performing data processing; 6, performing normalized cross correlation template matching by adopting a normalized cross correlation algorithm to obtain a correlation heat map; 7, performing thresholding processing on the correlation heat map; and 8, analyzing the connected domain to obtain the dirty position of the digital camera image sensor. The method can quickly and effectively extract and detect the dirtcharacteristics of the digital camera image sensor, and is low in detection cost, high in processing speed and easy to implement.