The invention discloses a radial positioning mechanism of an arc rolling guide rail. The radial positioning mechanism comprises a plurality of adjusting blocks symmetrically installed on the two sides of a rail, fixing blocks are arranged on the sides, away from the rail, of the adjusting blocks, fine adjustment screws are installed on the fixing blocks, and the fine adjustment screws penetrate through the fixing blocks and then abut against the sides, away from the rail, of the adjusting blocks. The adjusting blocks and the fixing blocks are all fixed to a rail mounting base, and the sides, close to the rail, of the adjusting blocks are in linear contact with the side face of the rail. According to the radial positioning mechanism of the arc rolling guide rail, the problems that in the prior art, a rail jackscrew used for radial positioning and adjusting is small in diameter, the radial positioning rigidity and strength are low, and under the action of high radial loads, the radial deformation of a rail is large, and the rotation precision is affected are solved.