The invention provides aircraft route planning method and device on the basis of a pigeon colony algorithm and belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle route planning and multi-attribute decision making. The aircraft route planning method includes the steps of: 1) firstly establishing a trace prediction model including uncertainty, and determining a to-be-optimized route in a specified region; 2) with the pigeon colony algorithm, performing iteration to obtain an optimized route through operations with a map and a compass and landmark operation, and finally outputting parameters of the acquired optimized route. Correspondingly, the invention provides an aircraft route planning device on the basis of pigeon colony algorithm, which includes: an acquirement module, a construction module, a determination module, an optimizing module and a memory module. The method and device can deduct and calculate the trace prediction model, so that a route acquired by the model has good stability and has robustness and availability; in addition, through the pigeon colony intelligent optimization method, a problem of complex continuous optimization is solved. The calculation and searching process has the characters of parallelism, availability and high robustness.