The invention discloses a single-intersection traffic signal optimization control method based on public transport priority, and the method comprises the steps: S1, building a single-intersection traffic signal timing optimization model based on the public transport priority, and calculating a target function; S2, initializing the position and speed of each particle in a particle swarm through employing a chaotic strategy, calculating the adaptability value of the particles according to the target function, and setting the overall initial optimal solution of the current particle swarm and the initial optimal solution of the particle individuals; S3, judging whether the position and speed of each particle in a solution space of the target function are convergent or not according to the concentration degree of the particle swarm: outputting the optimal solution in the solution space if the position and speed of each particle in the solution space of the target function are convergent; S4, updating the position and speed of each particle according to an adaptive inertia weight if the position and speed of each particle in the solution space of the target function are not convergent, carrying out the iterative updating of the overall optimal solution of the current particle swarm and the initial optimal solution of the particle individuals, returning to and carrying out step S3 till the position and speed of each particle in the solution space of the target function are convergent, and outputting the optimal solution; S5, carrying out the single-intersection traffic optimization control based on public transport priority according to the priority. The method enables the delay of a bus to be minimized.