The invention relates to a method for increasing organic carbon sequestration of saline arbor-shrub plants in an arid desert area. According to the method, holes are dug at 50-250cm positions of the tree-shrub plants at the surface temperature of 10-20 DEG C in autumn or at the early vigorous growth stage of arbors and shrubs in a next year, the arbors include gray poplars, populus euphratica or Russia poplars, the shrubs include halostachys caspica, calligonum rubicundum, anabasis, tangutorum bobr, kalidium, physophora, tamarix, lyceum ruthenium, salsola subcrassa or halocnemum, nitrate nitrogen is sprayed into the holes, growth and development of underground branch roots of the saline arbor-shrub plants are promoted by sprayed nitrate nitrogen nutrition, more biomasses generated by photosynthesis of the plants are distributed underground, root-canopy ratio increase is further promoted, the growth amount of an underground root system is increased, and long-term storage of underground organic carbon of the plants is increased to compensate loss of carbon sequestration capacity reduction of an ecological system due to vegetation decline in the arid desert area.