The invention relates to a double-direction four-channel coupled distribution-type optical-fiber Raman temperature measuring system, which comprises a broadband light source, a double-direction four-channel optical-fiber coupler, a single-mode fiber, a first optical splitter, a second optical splitter, a first photoelectric detection circuit, a second photoelectric detection circuit, a third photoelectric detection circuit, a signal collection card and a computer; and the double-direction four-channel coupled distribution-type optical-fiber Raman temperature measuring system is mainly used for the monitoring the temperature of the places such as electric power cables, tunnels, oil pipes, flammable and explosive places and the like in real time, the sensitivity is high, the response speed is fast, the transmission distance is long, and the electromagnetic interference resistance is strong. A Stokes channel and an anti-Stokes channel are used for demodulating the temperature information, and a Rayleigh channel is used for demodulating the position information; and the temperature resolution is 0.8 DEG C, the space resolution is equal to or less than 1m, and strong practicability is realized.