The invention discloses a geothermal heating system and method. The geothermal heating system comprises equipment of a heat pipe, a vapor compressor, a heat exchanger and the like, through a heat pipestructure deeply buried in the ground by 50 m or below, under a required pressure environment, working medium liquid water in the heat pipe is evaporated by absorbing deep geothermal energy, obtainedwater vapor enters a vapor compressor to be heated and pressurized, and then releases latent heat through the heat exchanger to be condensed, thus the purpose of supplying the heat to a user side isrealized, and then saturated liquid water generated through condensation is returned into the heat pipe to be recycled. The geothermal heating system and method recycle free geothermal resources to the greatest extent, has the advantages of being less in vapor loss, high in heat-exchanging efficiency, good in heating performance, low in operating cost, simple in operation process and the like, andis suitable for the fields of life, industrial heat supply, refrigeration and the like.