The invention discloses an intermediate-advanced stage cancer imaging detecting system and an intermediate-advanced stage cancer imaging detecting method based on the quantum superstring engine, mainly used for overcoming the defect that the traditional medical device can not efficiently, safely, rapidly and comprehensively detect the cancer cell spreading area of a cancer patient. The intermediate-advanced stage cancer imaging detecting system comprises a quantum light emission source, an optical splitter, a convex lens, a light filter group, a detection unit, an image processing unit and a display. The intermediate-advanced stage cancer imaging detecting method comprises the steps that orthogonal polarized photons generated by the quantum light emission source pass through the optical splitter, and then are transmitted in two paths; one path of the orthogonal polarized photons irradiates the body of the patient through the convex lens and light filters, penetrates through the body and then is received by a detector, and the other path of the orthogonal polarized photons directly passes through the light filters, and are received by another detector; the detection unit carries out combined measurement on the photons detected by the two detectors, and outputs a detection result to the image processing unit, the image processing unit draws a diffusion area imaging picture of cancer cells in the body of the patient, and the diffusion area imaging picture is displayed by the display. With the adoption of the intermediate-advanced stage cancer imaging detecting system and the intermediate-advanced stage cancer imaging detecting method, the diffusion area imaging picture of the cancer cells can be obtained, and thus a basis is provided for the treatment and research on the cancer patient.