The invention relates to a rubber diaphragm synthetic material for a pressure-bearing gas pressure regulator, and a preparation method of the rubber diaphragm synthetic material. The rubber diaphragm synthetic material for the pressure-bearing gas pressure regulator comprises the following components in part by weight: 70-90 parts of nitrile rubber, 30-10 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 10-30 parts of plasticizer, 30-50 parts of silica, 6-10 parts of vulcanizing agent and vulcanization accelerator and the balance of being other processing aids. According to the preparation method, the nitrile rubber and the chlorinated polyethylene are used as a main body, and simultaneously, an acid-filler material and a mineral oil type softener are avoided being used; in vulcanization system, low sulfur and high accelerator, peroxides and other series are adopted, so that the solubility resistance is ensured on the basis of ensuring certain elasticity; according to the rubber membrane obtained from the components by the method provided by the invention, the energy consumption is low in the rubber mixing process, the dimensional stability of an extrudate is good, the rubber surface quality is good, and under the premise of ensuring the processing performance, the performance of the rubber membrane is improved, an the service life of the rubber membrane is prolonged.