The invention provides a control method and a system based on a train group. According to the control method and system based on the train group, the train adopts a group control mode, the running interval is further shortened, the running density is improved, and the MB-VG control method based on relative real-time speed, continuous space distance and group self-adaptive adjustment fusion is provided. An absolute time-relative speed-dynamic position model is constructed to realize a train group control system. According to the system, the trains are controlled according to train groups, all the trains are comprehensively coordinated, and then group optimization is obtained. Therefore, on the premise of not increasing the axle weight and the train length, the running density is greatly improved and the maximum transport capacity is obtained only by changing a train control system. According to the train group control method, time and space are more subdivided, the tracking interval is better shortened, and the tracking density is improved; meanwhile, group control is considered, and collective benefits can be better achieved through cooperative control.