The invention discloses a cage-locking, cage-stabilizing and overwinding and overfalling brake device of a skip of a cage of a vertical shaft. The brake device consists of a brake oil cylinder (1), abrake plate and friction lining (2), a brake-releasing spring (3), a bearing pin (4), a supporting seat (5), a mounting beam (6), and a hydraulic servo system and electric control system (7). The brake device is characterized in that: the brake oil cylinder (1) is arranged on the supporting seat (5) by a pin shaft; the brake plate and friction lining (2), the brake-releasing spring (3) and the bearing pin(4) are arranged on the supporting seat(5); and the supporting seat (5) is in welding connection or bolted connection with the mounting beam (6). Due to the adoption of the structure of the bearing pin, the brake oil cylinder is not the directly operated type, and the braking force is not transferred to a piston, so that the oil leakage problem (the prior hydraulic disc type brake is the directly operated type, and the braking force is directly transferred to the piston.) is thoroughly solved. The operating principle of the brake device comprises that: when the cage stops at the mouthor bottom of a mine, the brake oil cylinder drives the brake plate and friction lining to clip the brake plate of the cage, so that the cage is stabilized by the friction force; and when the cage or skip is overwound or overfallen, the brake oil cylinder can clip the brake block in a mode of changing pressure, so that the cage or skip can be braked in the overwinding or overfalling range, and thebraking force meets the requirements of mine safety rules.