An efficient down-hole hammer comprises a back joint, a check valve, an air distribution rod, a piston, a cylinder, a clamping ring, a drill head and a front joint. The check valve is a one-way valve and comprises a valve seat, a spring and a steel washer. The slotted piston is provide with a hole, a positioning sleeve is arranged at the back end of a valve end cover, and the air distribution rod, a positive vibration-proof rubber ring and a negative vibration-proof rubber ring are clamped in the positioning sleeve together. The efficient down-hole hammer is not provided with an inner cylinder structure, the air distribution mode is greatly innovated, a vibration-proof fine tuning device arranged between the back joint and the air distribution rod can effectively absorb counterforce of piston motion, the air distribution rod can be subjected to automatic fine tuning so as to keep the assembling verticality, the adaptive drill head is not provided with a tail pipe, and therefore high pressure air leakage is reduced, work efficiency is improved and production cost is reduced. In addition, the piston has a reliable service life.