The invention discloses an automatic grinding device capable of replacing manual operation, and relates to the technical field of railway vehicle steel structure manufacturing. The automatic grinding device comprises a conveying mechanism, a horizontal front-back moving mechanism, a vertical lifting mechanism, a horizontal left-right moving mechanism, a multi-angle grinding mechanism and a control system. The automatic grinding device has the beneficial effects that by means of cooperation of the horizontal front-back moving mechanism, the vertical lifting mechanism, the horizontal left-right moving mechanism, the multi-angle grinding mechanism and the control system, multi-direction and multi-angle accurate grinding can be achieved; and meanwhile, a grinding machine is provided with a protective cover, so that safety protection on surrounding operators and workpieces in the grinding process can be guaranteed. The automatic grinding device is small in size and convenient to push, can replace the operators to complete high-strength grinding operation, reduces labor intensity, improves the operation environment of the operators, improves grinding efficiency and improves workpiece grinding size precision.